The Magic of Motivational Interviewing to Inspire Change I Students Gina Beyer, Director: Academic Success Programs Amanda Voigt, Course Coordinator: Academic Success Programs Arizona State University

By the end of the session, you will… Be able to explain the basics of brain science and how it relates to the student experience Be able to demonstrate the basic skills and practical techniques of Motivational Interviewing (MI) Be able to apply MI techniques to the Stages of Change Model Analyze student scenarios to determine the best practices for intervention

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Fall 2014 Undergraduate Students with End-of-Semester Cumulative GPA less than 2.00 UNI 220 Comparison

Arizona State University One-Year Retention Rates for New Transfers on Probation *After the First Semester

To Be Most Effective We Must Understand Ourselves and Others

Our Brains Limbic brain Emotions, Memory, Attention Cortical brain Language, Math, Analysis

“Amygdala Hijacking” Feeling Brain cut off from Thinking Brain Hijacking - Joseph LeDoux, The Emotional Brain

Intentional vs. Reactive Six Seconds EQ Network The Reaction Cycle Choice Points ©Six Seconds

SCARF Neuroscience model All happening below the surface of conscious awareness...

The Change Continuum Precontemplation “I see no reason to... “I am not interested.” Contemplation “There are (obstacles).” “I would but I don’t want (negative outcome).” Preparation “I see the reason for the decision/change.” “I’m focusing on it as a priority.” Action “I’m doing the right things to make it happen.” “I see what needs to be done.” Maintenance “I’ll (continue to do the behaviors related to change).” 10

How (NOT) to help

Motivational Interviewing Motivational Interviewing is a way of directly communicating that enhances intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence Ambivalence Two Energies “People are usually better persuaded by the reason which they have themselves discovered than by those which have come into the minds of others.” – Blaise Pascal 12

The Basics of MI Open-ended Questions Affirm Reflections Summaries Express Empathy Develop Discrepancy Roll with Resistance Support Self- efficacy Avoid Arguing (The Righting Reflex) Open-ended Questions Affirm Reflections Summaries

Tried and true… When precontemplative: Pros and cons Information (careful that it is neutral)‏ When contemplative: Highlight advantages of change Affirm the difficulty of change When preparing: Be optimistic about change Focus on strengths When acting: Write out plan Ask what you can do to support 14

Scenario Please identify the stage of change and practice your Motivational Interviewing techniques Juan is an advisee in your college who is struggling.  He knows that his math skills are an obstacle to succeeding in his major, but is committed to continuing to pursue his current major.  He cites family pressure and a high salary career for reasons for his major. 

Scenario Please identify the stage of change and practice your Motivational Interviewing techniques Muhammed was a straight-A student in high school in your major.  He came in to see you because you requested a meeting to discuss his 3 mid-term progress reports that are deficient.  Muhammed does not feel like he is struggling because he has always been successful before, even when she gets off to a slow start. 

Scenario Please identify the stage of change and practice your Motivational Interviewing techniques Sally is currently on academic probation.  She knows that it’s a big deal and is in your office to seek help.  Sally isn’t sure how she can be successful, but is looking to you to find out how she can improve her grades.

Many Thanks To… The students – who make all we do worthwhile The ASP Team – the staff and all the faculty who give so much to support students Alicia Hayden and Trudi VanderPloeg, ASU Advisors Dean Duane Roen & our ASU Colleagues Audience members NACADA Conference Organizers Add specific names

Contact Gina.Beyer@asu.edu Amanda.Voigt@asu.edu https://universitycollege.asu.edu/

References LeDoux, J. (1996). The emotional brain. New York: Simon & Schuster. Rock, D. (2008). SCARF: A brain-based model for collaborating with and influencing others. NeuroLeadership Institute. Sobell, L. and Sobell, M. (2008). “Motivational Interviewing Strategies and Techniques: Rationales and Examples.” Nova Southeastern University: 1-8. Rollnick, S. and Miller, W. (1995). “What is motivational interviewing?” Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 23, 325-334. Prochaska & Climente – stages of change