The Protestant Reformation I protest

Causes of the Reformation 100 Years War and Black Death Clergy was uneducated Busy with worldly affairs – not doing spiritual work Scientific Advances which contradicted the Cathiolic Church Indulgences – paying $$ for a pardon of sins or reward for good behavior

Catholic Church Hierarchy God Pope Cardinals Archbishops Bishops Priests and Monks Laity – not in the church

Early Calls for Reform Late 1300’s-Early 1400’s John Wycliffe of England: translates the Bible into English John Huss of Bohemia: Church services in the vernacular *both taught that the Bible had more authority than church leaders Girolamo Savonarola of Italy: urged people to give up luxuries.Was executed for heresy.

Secular Individualism Christian humanists Printing press Renaissance Ideas Secular Individualism Christian humanists Printing press

The Protestant Reformation began b/c… The Church made Protestants mad What was the Protestant Reformation? Protestant = someone who protested the Catholic Church Reformation = when people demand changes The Protestant Reformation began b/c… The Church made Protestants mad

What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC

The Reformers Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII

Martin Luther Martin Luther was a German Monk who was dissatisfied with the church He thought that….

Martin Luther Faith saves people, not good works Ultimate authority for Christians is the Bible Nobody is more important in God’s eyes, all humans are = b4 God (no hierarchy)

Why was Luther Angry With The Church??? Tetzel (a friar) was selling indulgences: certificates that take away sin (church is selling forgiveness to make $$) Merchants: merchants want usury (lending $ and charging interest – Catholic Church says usury is wrong) Absolute power of & wealth of the Church Domination of Church by Italians (angered Germans and English) In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

What Action Did He Take? 95 Theses: A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) He criticized: The Power of the Pope The Extreme Wealth of the Church Indulgences

Luther's 95 Theses Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Wittenberg Germany (1517) Gained support from people and criticism from Church

Luther's 95 Theses Horrible Histories: Martin Luther

What are the Three Main Ideas Of His Teachings? Salvation by faith alone Teaching based on Bible All people equal before God

Pope Leo X (Medici) He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

What was the Pope’s Reaction? 1520 Pope Leo X ordered Luther to give up his beliefs Luther burned the order and was excommunicated Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

What did the Holy Roman Emperor Do? Charles V summoned him to trial in the town of Worms Created the Edict of Worms- Luther declared an outlaw and heretic New religious group formed- Lutherans

How did the Peasantry React? 1524 peasants want an end to serfdom and revolt Luther does not support the revolt and the princes of Germany massacre 100,000 people

Germany At War… Northern German princes supported Luther for political reasons Other princes signed an agreement to join forces against Luther’s ideas In reaction, Luther’s supporters signed a protest against the agreement and became Protestants Charles V declared war against Protestants and won but they didn’t go back to the Catholic Church 1555- Peace of Augsburg- religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

King Henry VIII Began reign as devout Catholic He and his wife (Catherine of Aragon) had a daughter Mary, but no male heir Convinced that Catherine could not longer have children, Henry wanted to divorce Catherine The Pope could annul (set aside) a marriage, but refused to do so Called Parliament into session and asked it to pass laws to end Pope’s power in England and legalize Henry’s divorce 1534, Henry breaks for the Catholic Church and declared himself head of the Church Of England

King Henry VIII Divorce: Henry wants one but Pope says no. Head of the Church of England Divorce: Henry wants one but Pope says no. Anglican Church – Henry is in charge – no Pope Did away with Catholic Church’s land & wealth in England

Catherine of Aragon – Mary I 6 Wives of Henry VIII Wife/Children Death Catherine of Aragon – Mary I Divorced Anne Boleyn – Elizabeth I Beheaded Jane Seymour – Edward Died Anne of Cleves – none Catherine Howard – Catherine Parr – none Survived

Henry, Henry, Henry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EGzHsye71c

Elizabeth I Daughter of Henry VII and Anne Boleyn Combined Catholic styles w/Protestant teaching to please both religions Elizabeth I makes Anglican Church the official church of all of Great Britain Spanish King Philip II (Catholic) attacked England but lost Elizabeth I

John Calvin His ideas hit the Church w/a: POW Predestination -God chooses who goes to heaven, you don’t get there by good works Our moral lives will reveal if we’re chosen by God to go to heaven or hell Work ethic, righteous life that honors God

Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

Purified approach to life: Calvin believed in: Purified approach to life: No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists Calvin went to Geneva, Switzerland and led the city. He believed the ideal government was a theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders)

John Knox He visited Calvin in Geneva and liked his teachings He returned to his native Scotland and his followers were called Presbyterians

Anabaptists More interpretations of the Bible = more religious groups Anabaptist = “baptize again” Only people who were old enough to decide to be Christian should be baptized

Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan Presbyterian Puritan Huguenots