The Cell Chapter 2, Lesson 2

What questions will we be answering in Lesson 2? How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells similar and how are they different? What do the structures in a cell do?

Cell Shapes & Movement Cells have many shapes and sizes

Cell Shapes & Movement Cell shape is related to its function

Cell Membrane A flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell Made of two different macromolecules Phospholipids (a type of lipid) Proteins

A CELL MEMBRANE IS SEMI-PERMEABLE This means it will allow some things to pass through it but not others

Cell Wall A stiff structure outside the cell membrane Found in plant cells, fungus cells, bacteria and protists NOT found in animal cells Protects cell from viruses and other harmful organisms Helps maintain a plant’s shape

Cell Appendages Often used for movement Types: Flagella (whip-like structure for movement) Cilia (short, hair-like structures for movement) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7nEWUjk3A (Euglena w/ flagellum) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXcEACQv5-8 (paramecium w/ cilia)

Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton Fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules Network of threadlike proteins that are joined together to form a framework inside cell Gives cell shape and helps it move

Organelles in a Cell Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Fluid Contains salts and other substances Contains the cytoskeleton Contained within the cytoplasm Threadlike series of proteins Gives cell its shape and helps it move

Organelles in a Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Found within the nucleus Usually the largest organelle in the cell The genetic information in the DNA is organized into chromosomes Found within the nucleus Makes ribosomes

Organelles in a Cell Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Produce proteins Not surrounded by a membrane Found in cytoplasm, attached to the Endoplasmic reticulum A web-like organelle that spreads from the nucleus throughout most of the cytoplasm Considered “Rough ER” if ribosomes are attached – produces protein Considered “Smooth ER” if there are no ribosomes attached-produces lipids like cholesterol

Organelles in a Cell Mitochondria Chloroplasts Each cell can contain hundreds of mitochondria (can be thousands in the heart cells) Surrounded by two membranes Chemical reactions take place within the mitochondria which produce energy Only found in plant cells Membrane bound organelles

Organelles in a Cell Golgi Apparatus Vesicles Prepares proteins for their jobs Packages the proteins into vesicles for transport In animal cells, one type of vesicle is a lysosome. Lysosomes help to break down and recycle cellular waste

Organelles in a Cell Vacuoles Storage tanks – store food, water and waste Plant cells usually have one large vacuole; animal cells have several smaller vacuoles

Chapter 2, Lesson 2 Vocab Cell membrane Cell wall Flagella Cilia Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Chloroplasts Golgi apparatus Vesicles Vacuole Define these vocabulary words on index cards and begin studying them. Vocabulary Quiz on Tuesday, Oct. 4