Communication Embracing Difference Fourth Edition Chapter 2 Perception Dunn and Goodnight Chapter 2 Perception This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. PowerPoint edited by Kristin Harkin Jurczak, Purdue University Calumet Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Process of Perception Our process of each new situation is tempered by our preconceived ideas, physical and emotional state, interests, attention, and goals. Selective attention Organization Interpretation Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Selective Attention The process of determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore. Based on a person’s: Physical needs Emotional desires Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Organization Similarity Proximity Closure Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Interpretation Attitudes Personal constructs Prototypes Attribution Self-serving bias Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Perception of Ourselves… Self-Concept How we picture ourselves in a broad sense How we “define” ourselves Student Daughter Cashier Friend Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Perception of Ourselves… Self-Esteem Measure of our self-worth How we feel about our roles “I am a good student” Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Perception of Ourselves… Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Behavior matches someone else’s expectations Can be positive or negative Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Perception of Ourselves… Significant Others Significant others also influence our self-concept. Sometimes we seek acceptance and approval from those closest to us. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Perception of Ourselves . . . Reflective Appraisal The “looking glass self” We see ourselves through other people’s eyes People like family and friends Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Perception of Ourselves … Family and Peers Influences - negative or positive Can greatly influence self-concept Supportive feedback from both groups can help boost self-esteem. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Perception of Others... Stereotyping Placing or categorizing people, places, objects, events, or concepts into groups based on generalized characteristics Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Perception of Others... Stereotyping Allness Categorizing groups of people, places, objects, events, or concepts based on general characteristics Halo and Horns Individual stereotyping based on first impressions Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Developing Accurate Perceptions of Ourselves and Others Impression Management How we want others to perceive us Be open to altering perceptions when new information about a person warrants change. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Developing Accurate Perceptions of Ourselves and Others Perception Checking The use of questions to clarify our understanding of message State your observation clearly. Ask if the other person sees or hears the same thing. Offer a few possible interpretations. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.