Defect Analysis of Renovated Facade Walls with ETICS Solutions in Cold Climate Conditions Central Europe towards Sustainable Building 2016 Innovations for Sustainable Future – June 22-24, 2016 in Prague Faculty of Civil Engineering Department of Building Production Chair of Building Materials Teaching assistant & PhD student Eneli Liisma MSc student Raili Sepri Professor Lembi-Merike Raado Professor Irene Lill Researcher Emlyn Witt Early stage researcher Virgo Sulakatko Early stage researcher Mattias Põldaru

FOREWORD IUT1-15 project “Nearly-zero energy solutions and their implementations on deep renovation of buildings” – Estonian Research Council WP1 – Building physics, energy performance and indoor climate WP2 – Service systems WP3 – Building materials, technology, management Today’s presentation CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Basic facts (1/2) Old panel houses in Estonia – built in 1950...1990 (~84%) Service life – 50...70 years (Housing stock is ageing) New energy efficiency requirements Contemporary trend – Nearly-zero energy buildings CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Basic facts (2/2) Wall Adhesive mortar Thermal Insulation Board What is ETICS? – External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems Wall Adhesive mortar Thermal Insulation Board Anchors Reinforcement layer Fiber mesh Rendering plaster First ETICS solutions ~1940 (Sweden) ~1950 (Germany) CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Problem Statement What is the Current Situation with ETICS Solution in Cold Climate Conditions? Are ETICS Solutions Reasonable in Cold Climate Conditions? CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Principles of the Survey Criteria for the selection of buildings (30 buildings; renovation: 1-6 years ago) Year of construction 1950-1990 Number of floors 3-6 Year of ETICS installation ≥ 2009 Built documentation (building permit; certification) Yes Use of the building Apartment block Location Tallinn, Estonia CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Tools for Visual Inspection - CLASSIFICATORS CL TYPE Damage class/marking icon/scale Explanation 1 A ▄ B ▄ C ▄ D ▄ % of damaged area of observed area >60% 30-60% 10-30% <10% 2 A ▬ B ▬ C ▬ D ▬ % of damage over the length of facade 3 A ▪▪▪ B ▪▪▪ C ▪▪▪ D ▪▪▪ % of damaged details/parts of building to their total number 4 KP1 KP2 KP3 KP4 Size of the damaged area >30x30 cm2 <30x30 cm2 <20x20 cm2 <10x10 cm2 5 KE1 KE2 KE3 KE4 Number of appearances of damage >15 11-15 5-10 <5 CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

ETICS Installation Performed in Cold Climate Conditions CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Overview of the Defect Groups AMARO, B., SARAIVA, D., BRITO, J., et al. (2013). Inspection and diagnosis system of ETICS on walls. – Construction and Building Materials 47: 1257 – 1267. CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Defects in PLINTH AREA CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Defects in MAIN FACADE EAST NORTH CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Defects in ROOFLINE CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Conclusions Defects with ETICS: appear in early stages (1-6 years) in cold climate in cold climate can be divided: material rupture – 51% colour/aesthetic – 40% flatness – 9% in plinth area are mostly related to high moisture loads/cold cycles/human activites in main facade are related to humidity loads and low temparatures (< +5oC ) during installation (~40%) in roofline area are related to heavy rainwater (poorly installed parapet covers) are considerably higher with mineral plasters than with polymer plasters According to current defect analysis – plinth areas with a classical ETICS solution is not sustainable! CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY (BT) Next Steps Impact of the main defects = Preliminary prognosis of the service life of ETICS f(...) ENVIRONMENT (E) BUILDING TECHNOLOGY (BT) DESIGN (D) MAINTENANCE (M) DEFECT ORIGIN SERVICE LIFE CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

Thank You for Your Attention Thank You for Your Attention! Q/A The research has been conducted as part of the IUT1-15 project “Nearly-zero energy solutions and their implementations on deep renovation of buildings” financed by Estonian Research Council. CESB 2016 – PRAGUE