Biology MCA Test Review

Using Scientific Data Suppose I ask a question: Does running or jumping jacks require more energy?

Design an Experiment Which experiment test the hypothesis better, why? Students take and record resting heart rate. They then run for 2:00 and check and record their new heart rate. After a 30 second break they do 12 jumping jacks followed by checking and recording their new heart rate. Students take and record their resting heart rate. They then run 2:00 and check and record their new heart rate. After a 5:00 rest they do 2:00 worth of jumping jacks and record their new heart rate.

Analyzing Data Estimate the average (mean) HR for resting, running, and jumping jacks Which participant had the lowest resting HR? What would this indicate about their fitness level? Which activity raised the HR more? Was your hypothesis correct? Is there a correlation between resting HR and exercising HR?

Scientific Measurement Always Use Metric (SI Units) Choose the Best Scientific Measuring Unit For: Length of insect Inch-Millimeter-Meter Room Temperature  Kelvin-Farenheit-Celcius Fluid for small experiment  milliliters-ounces-kiloliters Height of a Tree  Yards-Feet-Meters

Practice Measuring How many cm? How many mm? Temperature in Celcius?

Measuring Fluids Meniscus—always measure from the bottom of the curved line How many mL of fluid in the blue graduated cylinder? How many mL of fluid in the purple graduated cylinder?

Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells Animal Cells—No cell wall Plant Cell—Cell wall and Green chloroplasts Which is which?

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Cell parts (organelles) work together

Cell Division Mitosis—Cell Division Produces new cell that is EXACTLY identical to the first cell What are some reasons a cell might divide? Is this sexual or asexual reproduction?

Types of Cells Eukaryotic cells can be modified to serve specialized functions inside of organisms. What type of cell is this and what does it do?

Body Systems What body system is this? What does this system do? What are the major organs? What other systems does it interact with?

Body Systems What body system is this? What does this system do? What are the major organs? What other systems does it interact with?

Body Systems What body system is this? What does this system do? What are the major organs? What other systems does it interact with?

Body Systems What body system is this? What does this system do? What are the major organs? What other systems does it interact with?

Body Systems What body system is this? What does this system do? What are the major organs? What other systems does it interact with?

Body Systems What body system is this? What does this system do? What are the major organs? What other systems does it interact with?

Disease Explain how viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites may infect the human body What body system defends against these?

Match the Pathogen with the treatment Virus Bacteria Parasite Fungus Treatments Anti-Fungal Antibiotic Vaccination Medicine to kill the pathogen

Vaccine Discuss as a class how a vaccine works Does a vaccine “cure” or “prevent” a virus? Why?

Cancer What is cancer? How does it occur?

Ecology Terms Abiotic-Non-living items (dirt, air, temp, water, etc) Biotic-Living items Population-group of similar organisms Community-group of populations Ecosystems-Community + All abiotic factors Identify the following terms in the picture

Food Web Producer-Create energy from the sun through photosynthesis Consumer-Consume energy from other organisms Decomposer-Break down dead organisms into their most basic components Energy does not get created or destroyed…it just moves through the web

Producers undergo Photosynthesis What does photosynthesis require? What 2 things does photosynthesis produce?

Food Web What are the producers? List the primary consumers List the secondary or tertiary consumers List the decomposers

Understanding Ecosystems How would this picture differ in the following circumstances? (hint: think of environment and organisms present) Temperature was colder Drought sets in

Explain the following Relationships Predator vs. Prey Parasite vs. Host Producer vs. Consumer vs. Decomposer Give an example of each of the terms

Genetics Gene: Carries information for a particular trait. It is a small section of DNA which is wound up to make a chromosome ½ of genes come from mom; ½ of genes come from dad (sexual reproduction) Makes you unique

Design an Experiment Suppose I ask the question: “What time of the day are ants most active?” Discuss a possible experimental design to correctly test this question.

Experimental Design How Close Was Your Design To This? Starting at 6:00 AM, each hour, count the number of ants that enter or exit an ant hill during a 60 second period. Continue until 10:00 PM Make a chart to graph the data

Experimental Design Suppose I ask the question: “Which kitchen surface is the hottest: wood, counter top, or aluminum” Discuss a possible experimental design to correctly test this question

Experimental Design How Close Was Your Design To This? Place the same sized ice cube on each of the 3 surfaces at the same time. Record how long it takes for the ice cube to melt. Chart your data and prepare a graph.