America’s History Sixth Edition Henretta • Brody • Dumenil America’s History Sixth Edition CHAPTER 24 Redefining Liberalism: The New Deal, 1933-1939 Copyright © 2010 by Bedford/St. Martin’s and Matthew Ellington, Ruben S. Ayala High School

Chapter 24: The New Deal, 1933-1939 1. The New Deal Takes Over, 1933-1935 A. Roosevelt’s Leadership B. The Hundred Days C. The New Deal Under Attack 2. The Second New Deal, 1935-1938 A. Legislative Accomplishments B. The 1936 Election C. Stalemate 3. The New Deal’s Impact on Society A. The Rise of Labor B. Women and Blacks in the New Deal C. Migrants and Minorities in the West D. A New Deal for the Environment E. The New Deal and the Arts F. The Legacies of the New Deal

Part 1: The New Deal Takes Over, 1933-1935 Section 1A: Roosevelt’s Leadership The social welfare liberalism of New Deal expanded government by giving it responsibility for wellbeing of its citizens FDR’s charisma, fireside chats and willingness to experiment made him popular FDR relied on a “brain trust” a and talented cabinet Evolution of Liberalism: Classical (19th century), Regulatory (Progressive Era), Social Welfare (New Deal-1970s—expanded individual rights)

Part 1: The New Deal Takes Over, 1933-1935 Section 1B: The Hundred Days Democrats targeted five major areas: Banking (Emergency Banking Act, Glass-Steagall Act, FDIC, Home Owner’s Loan Corporation) Business (National Recovery Act) Agriculture (AAA) Unemployment (CCC, FERA, PWA, CWA) Financial Reform (SEC, Banking Act of 1935) Goals: Relief, Recovery, Reform

Part 1: The New Deal Takes Over, 1933-1935 Section 1C: The New Deal Under Attack The conservative Supreme Court invalidated NRA, AAA, and more Townsend, Coughlin, and Long built national movements that criticized the New Deal as not having done enough Long’s dictatorial rule in LA and populist appeal made him a possible presidential challenger to FDR until his assassination in 1935

Part 2: The Second New Deal, 1935-1938 Section 2A: Legislative Accomplishments Democrats expanded their control of Congress in 1934 election 2nd New Deal legislation replaced direct aid with work relief (jobs) WPA (employed 3.4 million) and Social Security (pensions for those over 65) were examples of a more liberal approach to the economic crisis in response to criticism on left

Part 2: The Second New Deal, 1935-1938 Section 2B: The 1936 Election Roosevelt coalition: organized labor, Midwestern farmers, white ethnic groups, northern blacks, Jews, intellectuals, some middle class, southern whites 1936 election expanded Democratic majorities in Congress and signaled a new era of Democratic dominance

Part 2: The Second New Deal, 1935-1938 Section 2C: Stalemate Supreme Court “packing” scheme partially backfired Spending cuts led to 1937-1938 “Roosevelt Recession” FDR embraced “Keynesian” economics (deficit spending) New Deal ran out of steam by 1939 as FDR’s popularity waned and WWII loomed

Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3A: The Rise of Labor Wagner Act protected unions from unfair management interference CIO represented unskilled workers across entire industries and successfully used tactics such as “sit down” strikes Union workers tripled but labor’s power stayed limited

Eleanor Roosevelt at the Tuskegee Institute Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3B: Women and Blacks in the New Deal Eleanor Roosevelt transformed the role of first lady Frances Perkins was the first woman head of a cabinet department. She also closely shaped New Deal legislation New Deal helped blacks somewhat Indian Reorganization Act reversed Dawes Act and assimilation efforts Eleanor Roosevelt at the Tuskegee Institute

Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3C: Migrants and Minorities in the West 350,000 Okies fled the devastation of the Dust Bowl in Midwest CA agriculture had drawn Asian and Mexican immigrants but many of them were replaced by Okies during the Great Depression

Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3D: A New Deal for the Environment The TVA built dams and provided cheap energy to a 7 state area Shelterbelts planted 220 million trees to block wind and erosion Farmers were encouraged to use sound practices REA brought electricity to 40% of farms by 1940, 90% in 1950

“The Promise of the New Deal” Mural Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3E: The New Deal for the Arts New Deal funded various types of “art for the millions” Artists and photographers documented the Great Depression Dorothea Lange: Migrant Mother “The Promise of the New Deal” Mural

Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3F: The Legacies of the New Deal Federal government now played an ongoing role in people’s lives New Deal set the pattern for the Great Society of the 1960s New Deal transformed and enlarged the Democratic Party