Unit 1, Ch. 3 Human Geography
Human Settlements
First Human Settlements Nomadic - Wandering in constant search of food When agriculture was introduced, people no longer needed to be Nomadic.
Urban Populations River Valleys in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China where there was fertile soil from annual flooding led to Urban Settlements People were able to grow a surplus of food to feed its people
Factors That Influence Settlement
Physical People tend to settle in temperate, fertile, non-mountainous areas, such as valleys and plains. People settle near sources of fresh water. People settle not to far from oceans. Fewer people settle in dry, wet, cold or mountainous areas.
Human Transportation routes – coastlines, rivers, canals, railroad lines, or roads. Technology improvements can expand areas of settlement. Discoveries Gold (California), Oil (Texas).
Vocabulary to Know Birth Rate(BR)= # births per 1,000 people Death Rate(DR)=#Deaths per 1,000people Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)= deaths before 1 year old High Standard of Living= BR DR IMR, Stable government, technology, etc.
Population Pyramids
What is a population pyramid? A visual representation of the population of a country. Graphically displays a population's age and gender composition. Shows numbers or proportions of males and females in each age group. Shows gain of members due to immigration and birth, and loss of members due to emigration and death. Reflect population growth or decline.
How to interpret population pyramids There main types of pyramids Rapid growth Slow growth Negative growth Shape of rapid growth Shape of Slow growth Shape of negative growth
Rapid growth
Rapid growth pyramids Have a large base to show high birth rates. Amount of people decreases as the ages goes up indicating a lower standard of living. Associated with developing countries like Brazil, Uganda, China.
Slow Growth
Slow growth pyramids Take on a more rectangular shape. Indicates population is remaining fairly steady. Birth rates and death rates are similar. Associated with developed countries like the UK, Germany, Canada.
Negative growth
Negative growth pyramids Looks like a reverse pyramid. Indicates the population of the country is decreasing. Death rates are higher than birth rates. Associated with developed countries like Austria, Japan, Italy.
Compare the U.S. in 1950 to the U.S. in 2010. What did population of United States look like in 1950? How has it changed in 2010? Why do you think the change occurred?