Time-use data collection by means of smartphones Henk Fernee, Nathalie Sonck1 & Annette Scherpenzeel2 1 The Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP) 2 Centerdata, Tilburg University 16-19 July 2013 ESRA, Ljubljana

Overview Time use surveys and app Pilots and results Fieldwork in LISS panel 16-19 July 2013 ESRA, Ljubljana

Example Diary 2011 (Statistics Netherlands, CBS) 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Present approach Disadvantages Burdensome activity Risks of recall problems Relatively low response rate Quality improvement Increased frequency of reporting 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

TUR-app for smartphone 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

NL: High internet penetration & mobile access Source: CBS Statline (2013)

App for the phone Smartphone users have (almost) permanently access to this device Use their phone at multiple times per day Enable collection of auxiliary data Chances for survey research App developed for time use research (by Centerdata, Tilburg University) Stable Lay-out Different devices (Android, iPhone) Paper diary ‘similar’ to app 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Demo: Diary app 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Pop-up questions, ESM Pop-up questions (7 random moments per day) 50% experience sampling 50% social media use Happy Rushed Tired

Reality mining GPS information (for every ten minutes or 10 meters) Android phone owners: information on call text message behaviour

Pilots 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Pilots 4 pilots Technical abilities time-use app and additional functionalities Usability for respondents Persons without own phone able to participate Quality of data Evaluation respondents (questionnaire, in-depth interviews) 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Sample From an online panel (TNS NIPO): 50 Android smartphone users 50 respondents without a smartphone: Loaned a Samsung Gio (prepaid) Later 50 iPhone users Groups comparable with regard to age, gender, education, urbanization, household composition 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Results 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Higher episodes for borrowed smartphones 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

High frequency of diary updates (Wednesday) Mean=11 times a day (10 experienced; 12,5 inexperienced) On average every 3,5 hour updated 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Pattern of sleeping 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

…and of eating 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

ESM questions 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Results experiments The TUR-app is a useful instrument for measuring time use Gives opportunities to collect additional data Both smartphone users and non users can use it Technical stability of app is important (loading data, battery use) Help in using app is needed (video instructions, paper activities list) 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Fieldwork in LISS panel 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

LISS panel Online panel from Centerdata Consists of 5000 households, with a total of 8000 people Representative panel National (random) sample of addresses No self-selection People without their own computer with internet connection, get computer on loan Data freely available for researchers www.lissdata.nl 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Fieldwork Start September 2012 One calendar year 176 sample units per month People without a phone get one on loan 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

First results Overview of the response Month 09-2012 10-2012 11-2012 12-2012 Number of invited 44 176 Non-response: 25 38 50 Response: 19 138 132 126 Complete: 17 118 110 100 Incomplete: 2 20 22 26 Response Rate: 38.6% 67.0% 62.5% 56.8% 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Future Data collection will finish in september 2013 More in-depth analysis compare experienced and inexperienced users compare smartphone TUR data with regular TUR data Netherlands combine different sources of data (TUR, pop-up questions, GPS, usage of phone, questionnaires) Can smartphones replace regular time use research? 16-19 July 2013- ESRA

Report on pilots will be available on 22 July 2013 from: www. scp Report on pilots will be available on 22 July 2013 from: www.scp.nl/smartphone More information: Henk Fernee h.fernee@scp.nl 16-19 July 2013- ESRA