The Middle Ages in Europe, 500 AD – 1500 AD Part IV

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Presentation transcript:

The Middle Ages in Europe, 500 AD – 1500 AD Part IV The Power of the Church The Middle Ages in Europe, 500 AD – 1500 AD Part IV

Learning Goal & Rubric GOAL: Evaluate the relationship between the Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. RUBRIC 4. Research how and why the relationship between the Church and kings in the Middle Ages came to be. 3. Evaluate the relationship between the Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. 2. Summarize the relationship between the Church and the kings in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. 1. Identify the leader of the Catholic Church & with a reminder, identify what power he claimed over kings during the Middle Ages in Western Europe.

Brief Review Weak Central Governments Feudalism Catholic Church King Nobles/ Clergy Knights Peasants/ Serfs Catholic Church Pope

WHO HAS THE POWER? The Church? OR The kings?

How was the Church organized? The Pope Bishops (in cities) Priests (in small towns and villages) CLERGY

The Church: Bringing Europeans together A unifying force in society Everybody wanted to get to heaven → everybody was a member of the Church To get to heaven, one had to take part in the sacraments Sacraments: important religious ceremonies (examples?) On manors and in villages, the local church was not just a place to worship, but a social meeting place too. Festivals (Easter & Christmas) were celebrated there too.

The Church: keeping society in order Canon Law: Church law The Pope had the power of excommunication If this did not work, the Pope could use the interdict This meant that no sacraments could be given at churches in the king’s territory. Why do you think this would be an effective tool?

Who is the leader of the Catholic Church? The Dalai Lama The King The Presbyter The Pope

What power did the Pope have in excommunication? He could stop all letters and books from being written He could ban someone from the Church He could use his army to fight against the Muslims He could change the meaning of the Bible

Learning Goal & Rubric GOAL: Evaluate the relationship between the Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. RUBRIC 4. Research how and why the relationship between the Church and kings in the Middle Ages came to be. 3. Evaluate the relationship between the Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. 2. Summarize the relationship between the Church and the kings in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. 1. Identify the leader of the Catholic Church & with a reminder, identify what power he claimed over kings during the Middle Ages in Western Europe.

The Church & the holy roman Empire Otto I (Otto the Great) Became king in 936 Allies with the Pope and the bishops He took over other countries and even Italy Crowned Emperor by the Pope in 962 Otto’s kingdom became known as the Holy Roman Empire Otto’s Empire was almost as large as Charlemagne’s Some Italians and some Popes did not like how powerful the German Holy Roman Empire had become.

POPE vs. EMPEROR Lay Investiture When kings and princes would pick people to become clergy rather than the Pope. The Popes did not like this because it took some of their power. Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture in 1075. This created an argument between him and Emperor Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire. Henry ordered the Pope to step down, the Pope excommunicated him. Henry begged for forgiveness and Pope Gregory ended the excommunication. At Canossa in 1077.

The Concordat of worms The issue was still lay investiture In 1122, the successors of Gregory and Henry came to an agreement that the Pope alone could pick bishops, but the Emperor could veto or cancel the pick. This gave back some power to the kings.

Frederick I, Barbarossa In 1152, Barbarossa (red beard) came to power as the Holy Roman Emperor He was a powerful military leader He invaded Italy a couple of times This made many powerful Italians (including the Pope) angry. They formed an army and fought against him at the Battle of Legnano in 1176. Using the crossbow, the Italian forces beat Barbarossa’s army. This was shameful for the Germans. After he died in 1190, Barbarossa’s Empire fell to pieces. The Empire remained weak for many years. Many other Germans clashed with the Pope and Italians. Germans did not have one unified central government.

How did lay investiture effect relationships between kings and the pope? It brought them closer together. The kings supported the Pope’s power to choose Bishops. The Pope and the kings both wanted to have the power to pick Bishops. The Pope was fine with kings paying their knights for the wars.

Learning Goal & Rubric GOAL: Evaluate the relationship between the Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. RUBRIC 4. Research how and why the relationship between the Church and kings in the Middle Ages came to be. 3. Evaluate the relationship between the Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. 2. Summarize the relationship between the Church and the kings in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. 1. Identify the leader of the Catholic Church & with a reminder, identify what power he claimed over kings during the Middle Ages in Western Europe.

Exit Questions Write the answer to this question on a piece of paper with your name on it and hand it to me on your way out. QUESTIONS: What can you tell me about the relationship between the Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe during the Middle Ages? Who claimed to have the most power? What gave him this power?