Anatomy & Physiology I Unit Nine
The Autonomic Nervous System Functions Innervates smooth & cardiac muscle and glands Maintains homeostasis by varying rates, constriction, dilation, etc.
The Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Chain Ganglia
Autonomic Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors Adrenergic receptors # found on effectors # respond to epinephrine & norepinephrine # can be excitatory or inhibitory # two forms – alpha & beta
The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors Adrenergic receptors # alpha receptors are usually excitatory # beta receptors are usually inhibitory, but can be excitatory
The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors Cholinergic receptors # found on postganglionic neurons and effectors # respond to acetylcholine # can be excitatory or inhibitory # two forms – nicotinic & muscarinic
The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors Cholinergic receptors # nicotinic receptors are always excitatory and are found in the postganglionic neurons, adrenal medulla & myoneural junctions
The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors Cholinergic receptors # muscarinic receptors can be either inhibitory or excitatory, work by way of a second messenger and are found in effectors
The Autonomic Nervous System Functions Certain drugs can be used to block these receptors so they cannot be stimulated These drugs are called blockers
The Autonomic Nervous System Functions Sympatholytics are drugs that block adrenergic receptors Propranolol is a beta blocker that blocks beta receptors in the heart & arteries
The Autonomic Nervous System Functions Parasympatholytics are drugs that block cholinergic receptors Atropine blocks muscarinic receptors, such as in the eyes & respiratory tubes
The Autonomic Nervous System
ANS Receptor Effects
Receptors Receptors are dendrite endings that transduce energy from the external and internal environment into the energy of action potentials Receptors are grouped by the type of energy they transduce Chemoreceptors Nociceptors Photoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Thermoreceptors Proprioceptors
Receptor Action
Eye Anatomy
Rods & Cones
Eye Anatomy
Eye Abnormalities
Ear Anatomy
Inner Ear Anatomy
Hair Cell Receptors
Hair Cells & Otoliths
Inner Ear Anatomy
Organ of Corti