BELLWORK: October 4th Why was Italy seen by the Western democracies as key to containing an expansionist Germany? What was the Stresa Front? How did this impact Mussolini’s foreign policy? According to the source on pg.133-34, what were Mussolini’s key motives for engaging in the Stresa Front? Summarize the domestic influences on Italian foreign policy between 1935-39? (pg. 134) THINKER: To what extent are economic factors the main driving force for historical change? Explain! Use examples from the unit!

2.3 Italian Expansion 1933-1940

Partner Discussion: Abyssinian Crisis Why did Mussolini invade Abyssinia? List as many reasons as possible! How did Emperor Selassie respond? How did Britain and France respond? How did the Italian public respond? List three effects of the Abyssinian Crisis.

Emperor Selassie inspecting troops prepared for the invasion Abyssinian Crisis: 1935-6 Emperor Selassie inspecting troops prepared for the invasion

Abyssinian Crisis: 1935-6

Abyssinian Crisis: 1935-6

Emperor Selassie’s Plea to the League – June 1936 “I ask the fifty-two nations, who have given the Ethiopian people a promise to help them in their resistance to the aggressor, what are they willing to do for Ethiopia? And the great Powers who have promised the guarantee of collective security to small States on whom weighs the threat that they may one day suffer the fate of Ethiopia, I ask what measures do you intend to take?”

Violations to the Covenant of the League of Nations Article X: Assistance will be given to any member nation that experiences external aggression. Article XV: Disputes will be settled through arbitration Article XVI: Should any member resort to war, it shall be deemed to have committed an act of war against all other Members of the League, which hereby undertake immediately the severance of all trade or financial relation (collective security) “What real assistance was given to Ethiopia by the fifty two nations who had declared the Rome Government guilty of a breach of the Covenant and had undertaken to prevent the triumph of the aggressor?” “Should it happen that a strong Government finds it may with impunity destroy a weak people, then the hour strikes for that weak people to appeal to the League of Nations to give its judgment in all freedom. God and history will remember your judgment.”

The Abyssinian Crisis - Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=op-dD3oUMh0 In your opinion, what should the League have done to prevent this crisis?

HOMEWORK Finish the 2.3 packet!

BELLWORK: Document fun!  What key factors do Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany have in common? What key factors do they disagree on? (Source skills – pg. 143 & Source A – pg. 144) What are Mussolini’s foreign policy aims in 1939? Why? (Source A – pgs. 145-6) Describe the changing diplomatic alignments post-1939. Why does Mussolini join the war in 1940? List as many reasons as possible! THINKER: To what extent was the alliance between Mussolini and Hitler an alliance of equals? Explain! Give examples to back up your point!

Italian Expansion Review We will now review over two other examples of Italy’s expansion and Mussolini’s acts of aggression: The class will be divided into half: Spanish Civil War Takeover of Albania Work in your group to review the main ideas of this event. Then, you will re-teach/review the concept with the class as they fill in their graphic organizer. Make sure each point is addressed – you can reference sources too!

Homework! For homework, read 2.4 & 2.5 on German Expansion and the events leading to WWII. It is a lot of reading – pace yourself! Due Tuesday October 18th!