THE BEGINNING OF THE LIFE CYCLE

STEPS OF IMPLANTATION Step 1: Fertilization Step 2: Step 3: Resulting cell is known as a zygote. Step 2: Zygote travels down fallopian tube & divides many times. This process can take 2 – 7 days. Step 3: Zygote attaches to uterine wall a.k.a. implantation.

EMBRYONIC GROWTH As the embryo grows, the cells divide and form three layers that will become various body systems. One becoming the respiratory and digestive. Second becoming muscles, bones and blood vessels. Third forming the nervous system, sense organs and mouth. IMPLANTATION PROCESS

FETAL DEVELOPMENT First Trimester: 0 – 14 weeks. Second Trimester: 15 – 28 weeks. Third Trimester: 29 – 40 weeks. Fill in the major changes of each trimester on the rough draft of your “Life Cycle Calendar.”

STAGES OF BIRTH Labor: Final stage of pregnancy in which the uterus contracts and pushes the baby out of the mother’s body. Can last a few hours to several days. Leaving the Womb: Stage 1: Dilation; Contractions cause the cervix (opening of uterus) to dilate (widen). Contractions break the amniotic sac Stage 2: Passage Through Birth Canal; When cervix is fully dilated, baby passes through birth canal and out of mother’s body. Baby takes first breath and cries to clear lungs of amniotic fluid. Stage 3: Afterbirth; Placenta and umbilical cord still attached. Contractions continue until placenta (afterbirth) is pushed from mother’s body. Umbilical cord is then cut.

DO NOW Choose a specific day in the first month for your date of conception. 3 – 5 days later will be your day of implantation. Choose a date for a missed menstrual cycle. 10 days after your missed menstrual cycle will be the date of your first doctor’s visit where the pregnancy will be confirmed.

DO WORK Define fertilization and implantation. Explain fetal development from conception through pregnancy and birth. How is a developing fetus nourished?

PRENATAL CARE What should you do if you think you’re pregnant? A.S.A.P., schedule an appointment w/ your dr. for a blood test. Tests the level of progesterone (female hormone) to see how far along you are. Once pregnancy is confirmed, 1st appointment will be scheduled 6 – 8 weeks later & receive an E.D.D. (Estimated Due Date). Also, blood tests and pelvic exams will be performed as well as a complete medical history of you and your partner? If the pregnancy is low risk, you will see the ob-gyn once a month up to month 7. During the 8th month you will see the ob-gyn 2 times that month. When the female reaches the 9th month the will see their ob-gyn every week until delivery. Alpha-fetoprotein screening (AFP): Can be done at weeks 16 – 18. Can detect things such as multiples, spinal bifida or down syndrome. Multiple marker screening: Also done at weeks 16 – 18. A blood test the scans for the risk of birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities. AMNIOCENTESIS VIDEO

PRENATAL CARE Prenatal Care: Steps that a pregnant female can take to provide for her own health and the health of the baby. Who can provide prenatal care? Obstetrician: Dr. who specializes in the care of a female and her developing child. Certified nurse-midwife: An advanced practical nurse who specializes in prenatal care and delivering babies. Where can a birth take place? Hospital: Most births in the U.S. take place in a hospital. Home Birthing Center: A facility in which women with low-risk pregnancies can deliver their babies in a homelike setting. ULTRASOUND VIDEO

HEALTH OF FETUS Smoking: Accounts for 30% of low birth weight babies, 14% of premature births and 10% of infant deaths. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Group of alcohol-related birth defects including physical and mental problems. Defects include… Mental retardation Learning disabilities Behavioral problems Slowed growth Physical deformities such as small skull, abnormal facial features and heart defects Drugs: Can lead to birth defects, premature labor or miscarriage. Babies are born addicted to drugs and go through withdrawal symptoms when the baby no longer receives the drugs.

COMPLICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY Miscarriage: The spontaneous expulsion of a fetus that occurs before the 20th week of a pregnancy. Still birth: A dead fetus expelled from the body after the 20th week. Use of tobacco or drugs during pregnancy are more likely to cause a miscarriage or still birth. As many as 50% of unknown pregnancies will end in miscarriage and about 15% of known pregnancies will end in miscarriage. Ectopic Pregnancy: When the zygote implants in the fallopian tube, abdomen, ovary or the cervix. Can occur when the fertilized egg can’t pass to the uterus, sometimes because of inflammation or scar tissue that as developed because of a sexually transmitted disease. Preeclampsia: Prevents the placenta from getting enough blood. BIRTH OF BABY VIDEO

Evaluate & discuss In your groups of 4, you are to read the article individually, then discuss your thoughts and opinions based only on the facts presented in the article. As a group, you are to formulate all thoughts and opinions concerning the article using facts from the article. Each group will then present their point of view to the class. CALIFORNIA SURROGATE

DO WORK Explain the importance of prenatal care in promoting optimal health for both the baby and the mother. Define the term stillbirth. Analyze the harmful effects of certain substances on the fetus. Why should pregnant females avoid drugs, alcohol and tobacco?

HEREDITY & GENETICS QUESTION??? Genetics & Fetal Development Can heredity be influenced by an individual’s environment? Genetics & Fetal Development All humans contain 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Sperm cells contain 23 & egg cells contain 23. As the zygote travels down fallopian tube & divides, each chromosome in the nucleus duplicates itself, producing two sets of 46.

GENETIC DISORDERS Sickle Cell Anemia Tay-Sachs Disease Cystic Fibrosis R.B.C.’s have a sickle shape & clump together May result in severe joint & abdominal pain, weakness, kidney disease, restricted blood flow. Tay-Sachs Disease Destruction of nervous system, blindness, paralysis, death during early childhood. Cystic Fibrosis Mucus clogs many organs Down Syndrome Varying degrees of mental retardation, short stature, round face w/ upper eyelids that cover inner corners of eyes Hemophilia Failure of blood to clot. GENETIC TESTING

Do now What is heredity? Name three human genetic disorders. Explain the difference between amniocentesis & chorionic villi sampling (CVS).

CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT DO BABIES KNOW RIGHT & WRONG? Erik Erikson Fore-father of psychology. Theorized that humans progress through 8 stages of development throughout their lifetime. Stated that each stage is accompanied by specific development tasks. Success in each stage is dependent upon experiences during that stage. If an individual does not meet specific development tasks in one stage can they reach development success in the next stage? Give an example of how an individual may or may not be able to reach success.

FOUR STAGES OF INFANCY & CHILDHOOD Stage 1: Infancy Birth – 1 year Developmental task: To develop trust Period of fastest growth in life. Weight may triple, height may increase by 50% What can a parent do to help infant reach their developmental tasks? What can happen if infant does not develop trust?

Four stages of Infancy & childhood 2.5 YEAR OLD W/ IPAD CHILDREN PLAYING Stage 2: Early childhood 1 – 3 years Development task: To develop ability to do tasks for oneself. Children begin to feel proud of their accomplishments & become eager to learn more. What can a parent do to help a child reach their developmental tasks? What may happen if a child is unable to be independent at this age?

FOUR STAGES OF INFANCY & CHILDHOOD COMMERICAL # 1 COMMERCIAL # 2 COMMERCIAL # 3 Stage 3: Middle childhood 4 – 6 years. Development task: To develop responsibility, take initiative, to create one’s own play. Learn to initiate play activities rather than following lead of others. Display intelligence by asking questions. What can a parent do to help a child reach their developmental tasks? If a parent encourages creativity & questions, how may a child respond?

FOUR STAGES OF INFANCY & CHILDHOOD Stage 4: Late childhood 7 – 12 years. Developmental task: To develop an interest in performing activities. School becomes important in life. Develops skills in reading, writing & math. Learn to get along w/ peers & appropriate roles in society & develop a conscience. What can a parent do to help a child reach their developmental tasks? How can others effectively teach children right from wrong? What are some signs that a child may not be reaching success?

DO NOW Define developmental tasks. List three developmental tasks of infancy and childhood. What developmental task must be accomplished in early childhood? Which health screenings are usually provided by schools?