Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during late gestation in cattle by means of Doppler ultrasonography: Reference values obtained by computer-assisted.

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Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during late gestation in cattle by means of Doppler ultrasonography: Reference values obtained by computer-assisted analysis Simone Breukelman, Edu J.H. Mulder, Riek van Oord, Herman Jonker, Bert C van der Weijden, Marcel A.M. Taverne Theriogenology Volume 65, Issue 3, Pages 486-498 (February 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.046 Copyright © 2005 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Computerized FHR recording of a cow made 7 days before parturition (278 days gestational age). The recording is characterized by a low amount of variation around the baseline FHR (dotted line). Total % signal loss was 11.7% during this 60min recording. Theriogenology 2006 65, 486-498DOI: (10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.046) Copyright © 2005 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Computerized FHR registration of a cow made 10 days before parturition (268 days gestational age), characterized by a high amount of variation around the baseline FHR. Accelerations are indicated by downward arrows; fetal movements are indicated by the marks under the FHR tracing. Total % signal loss was 12.8% during this 60min recording. Theriogenology 2006 65, 486-498DOI: (10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.046) Copyright © 2005 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Computerized FHR recording of a cow made 4 days before parturition (277 days gestational age). During the last half of the recording a sustained acceleration is present. Total % signal loss was 22.1% during this 50min recording. Theriogenology 2006 65, 486-498DOI: (10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.046) Copyright © 2005 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Box-and-whisker plots of (a) basal FHR (BHR); (b) number of accelerations per hour; (c) short term variation (STV); (d) long term variation (LTV) for the three episodes (E1–E3) of gestation. Each box represents the inter quartile range (IQR) between the first (Q1) and third quartiles (Q3) enclosing the median marked by the horizontal line within the box. The whiskers indicate the 5th and the 95th percentiles. Data are based on 30min recordings from 21 pregnant cows, each contributing one recording to episodes 1, 2, and 3. * value differs significantly from E1 (P<0.05); † value differs significantly from E1 (P<0.01). Theriogenology 2006 65, 486-498DOI: (10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.046) Copyright © 2005 Terms and Conditions