Basic Stoichiometry Problems

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Presentation transcript:

Basic Stoichiometry Problems

Example #1 If 35.80g of aluminum chloride reacts with excess silver nitrate, how many grams of the ppt will be formed? 1AlCl3(aq) + 3AgNO3(aq) Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3AgCl(s) 35.80g AlCl3 1mol AlCl3 3mol AgCl 143.32g AgCl 132.76g AlCl3 1mol AlCl3 1mol AgCl = 115.9g AgCl

Example #2 12.01g of ammonium carbonate reacts with excess ferrous bromide. How many grams of the ppt will be formed? 1(NH4)2CO3(aq) + FeBr2(aq) 2NH4Br(aq) + 1FeCO3 (s) 12.01g(NH4)2CO3 1mol (NH4)2CO3 1mol FeCO3 115.86g 96.11g 1mol (NH4)2CO3 1mol FeCO3 = 14.48g FeCO3

Instructions: This is a work along tutorial Instructions: This is a work along tutorial. Each time you click the mouse or touch the space bar on your computer, one step of the problem solving occurs. Pressing the PAGE UP key will backup the steps. Get a pencil and paper, a periodic table and a calculator, and let’s get to work.

Use the molar mass to convert grams to moles. Converting grams to moles. Determine how many moles there are in 5.17 grams of Fe(C5H5)2. Given Goal units match 5.17 g Fe(C5H5)2 = moles Fe(C5H5)2 0.0278 Use the molar mass to convert grams to moles. Fe(C5H5)2 2 x 5 x 1.001 = 10.01 2 x 5 x 12.011 = 120.11 1 x 55.85 = 55.85

coefficients give MOLAR RATIOS Stoichiometry (more working with ratios) Ratios are found within a chemical equation. 2HCl + Ba(OH)2  2H2O + BaCl2 1 1 coefficients give MOLAR RATIOS 2 moles of HCl react with 1 mole of Ba(OH)2 to form 2 moles of H2O and 1 mole of BaCl2

Mole – Mole Conversions When N2O5 is heated, it decomposes: 2N2O5(g)  4NO2(g) + O2(g) a. How many moles of NO2 can be produced from 4.3 moles of N2O5? 2N2O5(g)  4NO2(g) + O2(g) 4.3 mol ? mol Units match 4.3 mol N2O5 = moles NO2 8.6 b. How many moles of O2 can be produced from 4.3 moles of N2O5? 2N2O5(g)  4NO2(g) + O2(g) 4.3 mol ? mol 4.3 mol N2O5 = mole O2 2.2

gram ↔ mole and gram ↔ gram conversions When N2O5 is heated, it decomposes: 2N2O5(g)  4NO2(g) + O2(g) a. How many moles of N2O5 were used if 210g of NO2 were produced? 2N2O5(g)  4NO2(g) + O2(g) ? moles 210g Units match 210 g NO2 = moles N2O5 2.28 b. How many grams of N2O5 are needed to produce 75.0 grams of O2? 2N2O5(g)  4NO2(g) + O2(g) ? grams 75.0 g 75.0 g O2 = grams N2O5 506

First write a balanced equation. Gram to Gram Conversions Aluminum is an active metal that when placed in hydrochloric acid produces hydrogen gas and aluminum chloride. How many grams of aluminum chloride can be produced when 3.45 grams of aluminum are reacted with an excess of hydrochloric acid? Al(s) + HCl(aq)  AlCl3(aq) + H2(g) 2 6 2 3 First write a balanced equation.

Now let’s get organized. Write the information below the substances. Gram to Gram Conversions Aluminum is an active metal that when placed in hydrochloric acid produces hydrogen gas and aluminum chloride. How many grams of aluminum chloride can be produced when 3.45 grams of aluminum are reacted with an excess of hydrochloric acid? Al(s) + HCl(aq)  AlCl3(aq) + H2(g) 2 6 2 3 3.45 g ? grams Now let’s get organized. Write the information below the substances.

gram to gram conversions Aluminum is an active metal that when placed in hydrochloric acid produces hydrogen gas and aluminum chloride. How many grams of aluminum chloride can be produced when 3.45 grams of aluminum are reacted with an excess of hydrochloric acid? Al(s) + HCl(aq)  AlCl3(aq) + H2(g) 2 6 2 3 3.45 g ? grams Units match 3.45 g Al = g AlCl3 17.0 Let’s work the problem. We must always convert to moles. Now use the molar ratio. Now use the molar mass to convert to grams.