Latin American Economic and Social Change
Warm-up- True or False? By 1830 all of Spanish Latin America had gained its independence With the expansion of coffee growing came an intensification of slavery in Brazil In 1845 the U.S. moved to annex Texas, a maneuver fostered by the doctrine of eminent domain, the belief that the U.S. was destined to rule the continent from coast to coast
Britain in L. America Britain replaced Spain as main trading partner in L. America System benefited port cities and landowners but damaged regional industries= land was basis of wealth again
The Monroe Doctrine- 1823 Doctrine demanded non-interference in L. America (interference would be considered an unfriendly act by the U.S.)
U.S. Economic Imperialism
1820-1850 Stagnation in Latin America Economies stagnant Fight between the liberals and conservatives blocked real political reform
1880-1920 Large increase in economic growth Germany and U.S. enter as major traders with Latin America
The Panama Canal Roosevelt aided Panamanian revolutionaries to get independence from Columbia Panama Canal completed in 1914 U.S. collected tolls on it L.Americans become suspicious of U.S. plans on L. America
Changes in Mexico Problem of Texas and U.S. manifest destiny Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848 gave the U.S. almost half of Mexico’s territory (California, Texas, Southwest)
Political Leaders in Mexico Santa Anna- caudillo Benito Juarez and La Reforma – liberal Maximilian von Hapsburg (installed by the French and assassinated later) Porfirio Diaz- caudillo
1880-1920: Mexico Porfiro Diaz provoked serious rebellion by early 1900s Economic growth occurred at the expense of the peasantry and working class Civil war from 1909-1919
Changes in Argentina 1816 Republic of Rio de la Plata Political problem: strong (liberal centrists) vs. weak government (federalist) Juan Maneul de Rosas- federalist came to power (1831-1852) Domingo F. Sarmiento came to power in 1862 and reformed for the next 30 years Political stability and foreign investment increased- Buenos Aires
1880-1920: Argentina Technological change Immigrants help increase output Buenos Aires becomes booming metropolis 1890s socialist party had formed
Changes in Brazil Monarchy under Pedro I Liberals vs. conservatives Pedro II experimented with republican government Coffee revived export economy and intensified slavery (abolished 1888) 1889 coup replaces monarchy with a republic
Women during the 19th Century Women’s roles remained unchanged Public education allowed some women to become educated and by the end of the century they were fighting for more rights
Race in the 19th Century Racial and class distinctions remained in tact despite their legal outlaw Creole elite remained in control of the land, wealth, and politics