CT heads diagnosing chest pathology? Whatever next? Gary Holdsworth, Ruth Clarke  Radiography  Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 350-356 (November 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006 Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Small acute posterior right non-surgical SDH (arrow). Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Bilateral subcutaneous emphysema (arrow heads) within the temporal regions. Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Soft tissue (A) and bone images (B) at the level of the occipital condyles: extensive subcutaneous emphysema is shown outlining most of the major muscle groups on image B. Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Extensive subcutaneous emphysema is demonstrated surrounding the thorax. Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Gas can be seen outlining the kidneys and also the psoas muscles, indicating that it has tracked into the retroperitoneum. Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Soft tissue (A) and bone images (B). Extensive subcutaneous emphysema is shown within both orbits, overlying the face and also within both temporal regions (B). Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Soft tissue (A) and bone images (B) at the level of the foramen magnum: extensive subcutaneous emphysema is shown overlying the face, within the infra-temporal fossae and also related to both TMJs (B). Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Black arrow heads indicate gas within the pre-vertebral soft-tissues, also seen within the soft-tissues of the floor of the mouth (white arrow head). Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 9 Arrow heads identify the edge of the lung parenchyma indicating a small right-sided pneumothorax. Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 10 Arrow heads indentify a double edge to the heart border indicating a small pneumomediastinum. Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 11 Head trauma. On image (A) red arrow heads identify significant bilateral petrous-temporal fractures and the white arrow points to small volume pneumocephalus. White arrow heads (both images) indicate subcutaneous emphysema. Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 12 Facial trauma. Red arrow heads indicate fracture to the right frontal sinuses (image A) and to both maxillae (image C). White arrow heads (images B and C) indicate subcutaneous emphysema. Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 13 Iatrogenic (after line insertions into both the left external jugular and left subclavian veins). Soft tissue (A) and bone images (B) at the level of the pituitary fossa: subcutaneous emphysema (white arrow heads) is shown within the right orbit and within the left temporal region (B). Green arrows point to pneumocephalus within the pituitary fossa itself (B). Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 14 Penetrating injury (stabbed with a pencil in the left eye). Soft tissue (A) and bone images (B) at the level of the orbits: subcutaneous emphysema (white arrow heads) is shown within the left orbit (B). Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions

Figure 15 Infection. Soft tissue (A) and bone images (B) at the level of the lateral ventricles showing a pyogenic abscess (with both intracranial and soft tissue involvement) related to a previous craniotomy. Gas can be seen both intracranially (green arrow head on A), and extracranially (white arrow head on B). Radiography 2011 17, 350-356DOI: (10.1016/j.radi.2011.04.006) Copyright © 2011 The College of Radiographers Terms and Conditions