The Lord’s Prayer Our Father Who art in Heaven Hallowed be thy name Thy kingdom come Thy will be done On earth as it is in Heaven Give us this day our daily bread And forgive us our trespasses As we forgive those who trespass against us And lead us not into temptation But deliver us from evil. Amen.

CHAPTER ONE: WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?

Lesson 1: Where People Live

Geography The prefix of geography is “geo” and means “of the earth.” Think of all the other words that start with “geo.” What are they?

Geographers Geographers are the people who study the earth’s surface and how living and nonliving things interact with it.

Regions Regions are the smaller parts of the world into which geographers divide the world. Different regions can have a range of different characteristics. What characteristics might differ from region to region?

Using Latitude and Longitude What is Latitude? Imaginary lines circling the earth horizontally (left to right) What is Longitude? Imaginary lines circling the earth vertically (top to bottom). What is the Prime Meridian? Imaginary line circling the earth through the middle (top to bottom).

Using Latitude and Longitude What is the Equator? Imaginary line circling the earth through the middle (left to right). What is the Tropic of Cancer? Line of latitude north of the equator. What is the Tropic of Capricorn? Line of latitude south of the equator.

World Map

Grouping by Temperature Some regions are always warm, while some are always cold. Lifestyles could be affected. How?

Temperature Regions Since the earth’s surface is heated differently in different places (think of the position of different regions in relation to the Sun), we can divine the earth into different “temperature” regions. E.g. tropical/low latitude, polar/high latitude, temperate/middle latitude

Tropical Region Between 30 N latitude and 30 S latitude

Polar Regions One between 60 N latitude and North Pole Other between 60 S latitude and South Pole Cool summers and icy cold winters

Temperate/Middle Latitude Regions Area between the polar and tropic regions (between 30-60 N and 30-60 S) Warm or hot summers Cool or cold winters Lifestyles (esp. outdoor activities) vary by the season

Culture Regions Culture regions are regions divided on the basis of a variety of factors, such as language, religion, or customs and traditions.

Population – How Many People? First off – how many continents are there? 7 The continents are: North America South America Europe Africa Asia Australia Antarctica How many oceans are there? 5 The oceans are: Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean

Cartogram Cartogram – a map in which country size is based on some value other than land area.

Population Density – How Crowded? Population density is the number of people in relation to the amount of land. Think “this many people per some amount of space.”

2010 Population & Population Density Dale City Population: 65,969 Virginia Population 8,001,024 Dale City, Persons per Square Mile: 4,634 Virginia, Persons per Square Mile: 202.6

Worksheet, p. 3 Reading Population Density Maps Which state has a higher population density, California or Alaska? 2. Does Nevada have a higher or lower population density than Ohio? Critical Thinking: How would you describe where the most densely populated areas of the United States are to a person who has not seen this map?

Workbook, p. 3 Reading Population Density Maps Which state has a higher population density, California or Alaska? – California 2. Does Nevada have a higher or lower population density than Ohio? – Lower Critical Thinking: How would you describe where the most densely populated areas of the United States are to a person who has not seen this map? – Generally, the most densely populated areas are in the eastern part of the United States, especially in the Northeast. The West Coast also has densely populated areas.

Homework Read pp. 9-11 pp. 6-11, Define Key Terms

The Lord’s Prayer Our Father Who art in Heaven Hallowed be thy name Thy kingdom come Thy will be done On earth as it is in Heaven Give us this day our daily bread And forgive us our trespasses As we forgive those who trespass against us And lead us not into temptation But deliver us from evil. Amen.

Refocus-Comprehension Questions 1) How is the exact location of a place described? - By its latitude and longitude. 2) What is the difference between a country’s population and its population density? - The total population of a place tells the number of people that live in that place. Population density of a place is the population per square unit of area in that place.

The Lord’s Prayer Our Father Who art in Heaven Hallowed be thy name Thy kingdom come Thy will be done On earth as it is in Heaven Give us this day our daily bread And forgive us our trespasses As we forgive those who trespass against us And lead us not into temptation But deliver us from evil. Amen.

Lesson 2: People and Natural Environments

Climate Climate – weather conditions prevailing in an area over a long period Two main factors determine climate: Temperature – objective measurement of hot or cold 2) Precipitation – water that falls from clouds in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail

4 Types of Climates Tropical Temperate Polar Dry

Tropical Climates

Temperate Climates

Polar Climates

Dry Climates

Physical Features Mountains Rivers Valleys Plains Plateaus

Refocus-Comprehension Questions 1) What are the two major factors that determine the climate of a place? - Temperature and precipitation 2) How are plains and plateaus similar? Plains and plateaus are both relatively flat areas. How do they differ? -Plains usually have low elevations; plateaus have high elevations.

Lesson 3: How People Use the Earth

Lesson 4: The Personality of Places