Italy: Late 1300’s – Early 1600”s Europe: Late 1400’s – 1600’s The Renaissance Italy: Late 1300’s – Early 1600”s Europe: Late 1400’s – 1600’s

The Plague – The Bridge Between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance Also known at Black Death or Bubonic Plague Made way for the emergence of a middle class The Middle Ages represented a time when there were two classes of people – the rich and the poor The Plague wiped out half of Europe’s population between 1350 – 1450 creating an economic depression Once the Plague subsided the European population began to boom and the need for goods and services rose http://www.history.com/topics/italian- renaissance/videos#coroners-report-plague http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/middleages.ht ml

The Italian Renaissance Began in northern Italy in the mid-1300’s Spread to England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain in the 1400-1600’s Cultural movement that transitioned learning about theology to learning about humanity Examined the culture of ancient Greece and Rome The focus of art was on the beauty and majesty of human beings

Political Background - Italy http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printarticle?i d=ar464720&ss=h2 Signoria – a principality where a powerful family governed a city Families such as Visconti, Sforza, Este, and Gonzaga Cities included Milan, Ferrara, Mantua, and Urbino Republicanism – where a ruling class controlled the government of a city The Medici family dominated the ruling class in Florence Venice was also governed by a ruling class

Humanism http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h3 Significant intellectual movement that blended history and actions of human beings with religious concerns People who follow this way of thinking are called “humanists” Focus was on classical civilization which revived study of the ancient Greek and Roman languages as well as writing style and literature

http://www.history.com/topics/italian- renaissance/videos#humanism-triggers-the- renaissance

Philosophy http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h14 http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h15 Platonism – the study of ancient Greek philosopher Plato; belief was that reading Plato would strengthen Christian faith Machiavelli – developed a practical philosophy of politics

Literature http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h4 Petrarch – a poet, discovered Letters to Aticus, a collection of Roman political letters by Cicero; encouraged the study of Plato Giovannni Boccaccio – wrote a collection of stories called the Decameron Both men were friends and considered to be the first humanists.

Italian Court Life http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h5 Courtiers – noblemen and noblewomen who lived in the royal court; common people who worked in the court* The Book of the Courtier by Castiglione was about the ideal courtier The book was translated into several languages and influenced the conduct of courtiers throughout Europe *Clergy, soldiers, clerks, secretaries, and agents and middlemen of all sorts with business in the courts.

Art http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h6 More attention was given to the human body and to human emotions Art was more realistic and natural

Italian Art – 1300- Early 1400’s http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h7 Giotto – painted frescoes in churches in Assisi, Florence, Padua, and Rome Donatello – sculptor from Florence

Italian Art – 1400- Early 1500’s http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h8 DaVinci – painter, scientist, inventor The Last Supper, Mona Lisa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci http://www.history.com/topics/italian- renaissance/videos#life-after-people-the-last-supper

Italian Art – 1400- Early 1500’s http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h8 Michelangelo – painter, sculptor, architect, and poet Painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel http://mv.vatican.va/3_EN/pages/CSN/CSN_Main.html http://www.history.com/topics/italian- renaissance/videos#st-peters-basilica

Italian Art – 1400- Early 1500’s http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h8 Raphael – painter, known for delicate use of color Fresco School of Athens http://mv.vatican.va/3_EN/pages/x- Pano/SDR/Visit_SDR_Main.html

Italian Architecture Brunelleschi – first Renaissance architect to revive the ancient Roman style of architecture He used classical arches, columns, and other Roman elements in his work Designed the Pazzi Chapel in Florence http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Pazzi_Chapel.ht ml Sistine Chapel http://www.wga.hu/tours/sistina/

Europe and the Renaissance http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h9 Late 1400’s the Renaissance spread to France, Germany, England and Spain These countries invaded Italy and saw the beauty of Italian art and architecture They wanted to replicate the intellect and beauty in their own countries

Political Europe and the Renaissance http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h10 England, France and Spain were ruled by monarchies – kings and queens Germany was ruled by the Holy Roman Empire – the Catholic Church The royal courts in all of the countries welcomed the ideologies of Italy into their courts

Heritage of the Renaissance http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/printart icle?id=ar464720&ss=h13