The Revolution Within: Women, African-American, and the Indigenous Revolutionary Women Used domestic roles Homespun Movement: Served Continental Army Allowed American soldiers in home Loyalist women left country/undertook acts of resistance Control of domestic consumption= political goals Boycott: British goods Edenton Tea party: 51 women/ North Carolina Spied on British soldiers Deborah Champion, Sara Decker Haligowski, Harriet Prudence, Patterson Hall, Lydia Darraugh: information to U.S. soldiers Fought in war Deborah Samson, Hannah Snell, Sally St. Claire: hid gender Loyalist Women Leave Resistance

African Americans during the Revolution Most lived as slaves: North and South Issues of enslavement and freedom Sided with whom could promise personal liberty 100,000 escaped or died during war 5000 enlisted in Continental Army: Lexington & Concord, and Bunker Hill 1775 George Washington: forbids recruitment of Blacks Virginia Governor: Lord Dunmore: promises freedom to Blacks (side with British) Black Loyalists- emigration of 3,000-4000 Documented service to Crown: left U.S. for Britain and Nova Scotia Massive Migration after War Largely female 1806: Women 4:3 in New York Maritime industry- largest employer of black males post-Revolutionary

Gender and Politics during the Revolutionary Period Key Points: Dependency on men to participate in public realm Coverture: Contribute to the public realm Republican Motherhood: Educating the next generation according to values of the men who fought for independence. (Republican values and ideals=good citizens) Issues: Liberty, Equality, Independence: Not Women. Whig political theorists: voting rights through ownership of property. Ideal Whig woman: patriotic cause from inside separate spheres Key Figures Abigail Adams: property rights for married women Mercy Otis Warren: political writer and propagandist for war Issued pamphlet “A Colombian Patriot,” opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1788 1805- first published history of the American Revolution Postwar Efforts: rise of various women’s services and reform societies

Displacing the Indigenous Communities Key Points War Excuse to take land War of survival for Indigenous Damaged food supplies and atrocities Lenape: signed treaty with the new United States Iroquois: split allegiance between British (Loyalists) and the Patriots. Treaty of Paris: 1783. British ceded territories to U.S. Did not inform indigenous communities Replaced Treaty of 1763: which established British power in 13 colonies Northwest Indian Wars: War against white encroachment Issues: Women and War Competition for Indigenous Support: Loyalists and Patriots Frontier Warfare: Brutal 1779 New York Sullivan Expedition Treaties: New York and Iroquois Nation, 5, 000, 000 acres; establishment of reservations.