Warm-Up Update your agenda. Note the important dates for October.

Human Beginnings How do we learn about the past? What is a hominin? Where do scientists believe humans originated? How did humans spread across the earth and how long did it take?

Archaeologist a person who studies human history using artifacts and fossils

Artifact a human-made object

Fossils The remains of plants or animals. These can be bones or imprints found in layers of rock

Excavation excavation is the process of finding archaeological remains. An excavation site or "dig" is a site being studied.

Early Humans What have archaeologist learned about early human tool making? Humans made basic tools of stone like flint. They grinded the edges with other rocks to make them sharp. Flint is a type of rock

Early Humans Where did hominins settle? -Near food and fresh water -Live in a place where the climate is not too hot or too cold

Early Humans Where did hominins settle? -Most scientists believe that hominins settled in East Africa because there was plentiful food (fruits and animals) -How do we know?

Early Humans Where did hominins settle? -Over a long period of time, humans slowly migrated to Asia and Europe -Humans followed their food sources that were constantly moving

Early Humans Originated in Eastern Africa Hominins = Walk upright The first human-like creatures 4.5 million years ago

Early Humans Homo Habilis 2.5 million years ago Used stone tools

Early Humans Homo Erectus 1.7 million years ago Means “upright man”

Early Humans Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) 300,000 years ago Used fire Hunted small animals

Early Humans Homo Sapiens 200,000 years ago Large-brained

Early Humans During the last Ice Age (100,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE), the water level in the oceans dropped This revealed the Bering Land Bridge, connecting Asia to North America Since more of the world’s water was frozen in the polar ice caps, there was less water in the oceans. Think of this as the opposite of global warming.

Migration When a large group of people or animals moves from one place to another Humans originated in Africa and slowly migrated to different parts of the world over thousands of years Why didn’t humans stay in the same place?

Nomadic People who move from place to place without a permanent home Humans were nomadic until the Neolithic Revolution (10,000 BCE – 2,000 BCE) This means humans moved from place to place for millions of years and migrated to different parts of the world

This is the end of today. You can work on your vocabulary work sheet or ‘What can artifacts tell us?’ They are both due on Thursday.

Human Migration Worksheet Read the passage about how humans spread from Africa to the other continents Complete the charts on the back of the reading that show different human migrations throughout different points in history Draw a symbol on each map, showing where humans were living. Answer the questions about each date

Where did Humans Settle? 150,000 BCE Humans were living in Africa because of the warm weather Plenty of food was available (fruits, berries, and animals)

Where did Humans Settle? 80,000 BCE Earth’s climate turned much colder. Humans migrated to Southwest Asia in search of food and water

Where did Humans Settle? 40,000 BCE The Ice Age came to an end, so people started moving further north into Europe

Where did Humans Settle? 15,000 BCE Humans migrated from Asia to North America through the Bering Land Bridge