Information Technology IT Information Technology

Types of computer Personal computer (PC) Laptop (portable computer) Main frame computer PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) (mobile phone)

Personal Computer (PC) Fast , less expensive and getting cheaper by the day Typical users: Home user, Doctors , Education

Mainframe Computer Very powerful computer and it often connected to many individual PCs over network Faster than PCs, used for processing large amounts of data as salaries Very expensive Typical Users: Banks and Building societies, Insurance (تامين)

Laptop (portable computer) Laptop as PC in capacity It is portable computer Expensive than PC Typical Users: Business users

PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) Much smaller storage capacity compared to a PC Small enough to held in the palm of hand Typical users: Business users

Hardware: The term hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such as mouse, keyboard, monitor, CPU(system case), RAM Software: is the collection of instruction the make the computer work

CPU (central processing unit) Hardware CPU (central processing unit) Is one of the most important components within your computer. It determine how fast your computer will run and its function is to process data . Measured by Megahertz-Gigahertz (MHZ-GHZ) (Hertz measure the frequency التردد(

RAM (Random Access Memory) Computer Memory RAM (Random Access Memory) Main memory/ Temporary/ volatile The operating system is loaded into the Ram when the PC is switched on The contents of Ram disappear when the PC is switched off The contents of Ram change constantly as the PC is used

ROM (Read only memory) Secondary memory / permanent or fixed It is a chip held on motherboard it contains software that is required to make your computer work with operating system The contents of Rom are fixed during the manufacture of the PC You cannot write to this type of memory

Main part of computer Output device Storage device Input device

Input device Keyboard Mouse - trackball - touch Pad Scanner light pen Web came Digital camera Joysticks Microphone

Output device Output & Input device Monitor Plotter (more complex drawing ) Speaker Printer Output & Input device Touch screen

Storage Capacity Bit Byte = 8 bit Kilobyte = 1024 byte Megabyte = 1024 kilo byte Gigabyte = 1024 mega byte Terabyte = 1024 giga byte

Storage Devices Hard disk 40---350Gb fastest at accessing data Floppy disk 1.44Mb Slowest at accessing data Zip disk 100---750Mb CD 650---700Mb Tap Backup 2---100Gb

Format Format is a special software(system file) added to unformatted disk so it can store data

Backup Copying your computer files onto a separate storage device Keeping copies of data in two locations

Computer performance Free space on Hard disk Capacity of RAM Speed of CPU Quality of equipments is installed on PC Number of application running

Software Operating system Application Sets up the look and feel of your computer interface Control the hardware and software of your computer You can run more than one at the same time This can be used to edit data files

Operating system Collection of instructions That makes the computer work Types of Operating system/OS Dos Windows Unix Linux Mac

Operating system main task Start up the computer Control all the Hardware Enable other programs to run GUI using icons (images) and Menus in windows OS by using mouse

Application Software Word processing [creating letters – faxes – Memos –– producing catalogue containing graphics –business document] Excel Spreadsheet [Charts – financial projection –working with budgets] Access database[sort large amount of information – creating list of contact details ] PowerPoint presentation [create overhead projections slides]

Accounting application[produce payroll – Stock controlفحص المخزون] Web browsing[View web pages] Multimedia Application [Interactive learning Material and training material] Desktop publishing[produce a newspaper & magazine layout]

System development cycle The development of computer based systems can include a variety of steps, depending largely on the size and type of the application, but atypical development part includes : Analysis Design Programming Testing

Work group computing The idea of work group is that group of people working together can share their resources with each other. People within the work group can share information on their hard disk as well as sharing printers modems and scanners We can share files, disk storages, application, disk spaces

Network Two or more computers connect together and allow PCs to Share information (files), disk storage and resources as (printers). Network by area Network by user Network by connection

Network by area LAN WAN local Area Network Wide Area Network Is system of individual pcs are connecting to gather within company or organization . Authorized users can access and data stored anywhere on a LAN. Large data files can be transferred computers using a LAN. WAN Wide Area Network Allows pcs connect to gather over a wide area Type of network that links computers in different cities or countries

Intranet & Extranet Network by users Intranet An internal internet using e-mail and web within a single origination and access members of the same company organization to access it Extranet Internet between organizations and allow external users to access it by username and password.

Network by connection Internet connection PSTN: public Switched telephone network شبكه التليفون العامة ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network الخدمه التكاملية الرقميه it is a digital line used for both voice and data ADSL: Asymmetric Digital subscriber line خط اشتراك رقمي غير متماثل

Internet Global collection of networked computers all over the world A wide Area network of computers linked together No License is needed to publish material Providing search for information Providing service of e-mail [Electronic mail] E-commerce Note: A network that grew out of the work of the American military

Requirements needed to connect to internet Telephone line ISP : [Internet service provider] Modem [14.4Kbps to56.6Kbps] convert digital and analog signals

WWW (world wide web) Refers to vast collection of linked documents . Small part of internet. A vast collection of linked documents held on computers all over the world . Can accessed using a web browser.

E-commerce (Electronic commerce) Buy or sell good and services online anywhere in the world . The consumer rights of the supplier’s country apply. It’s more difficult to return goods purchased online than goods bought in a shop. You are at risk from insecure payment methods.

Teleworking work at home by using computers. Greater ability to focus on one task. Reduce office desk space. Increase flexibility of working hours. Need self control. Makes it harder to socially interact with team members.

Computer in every day life Computer in business Business Administration ادارة الاعمال Administer employee payroll ادارة قائمة الرواتب Track invoices تعقب اوامر الشراء Manage payment record ادارة سجلات الدفع Online Banking الصرافة Check Balance )an accounts ) فحص الميزانيات Transfer Founds تحويل الاموال Apply for Loansطلب القروض

Airline booking حجز تذاكر الطيران Check ticket availability فحص التذاكر المتاحة Purchase ticketsشراء التذاكر List customers’ dietary needs وضع نظام لحماية العملاء Check Time Table فحص الجداول الزمنية Insurance Claims Processing متطلبات عمليات التأمين Check policy Detailsمراجعة تفاصيل وثيقة التأمين Provide quotes for premium توفير بيانات عن قيمة الاقساط Analysis statistics to estimate premiums تحليل الاحصائيات لتقدير أقساط التأمين

Computer in government Public Informationمعلومات عامة Income tax payment تحصيل ضريبة الدخل Television license payment جمع اجور ترخيص القنوات الفضائية Handle social welfare payment form معالجة تنظيم الانتعاش الاجتماعى Public Record system تسجيل معلومات عامة Store census record احصاء السكان Store passport detailتخزين تفاصيل جواز السفر Vehicle registration listing تسجيل رخص المرور

Administration systems أنظمة الأدارة Public health warning تحذير الصحة العامة Announce policy documents online اعلان وثائق سياسية Notify citizens with government decisions اعلان المواطنين بقرارات الحكومة

Computers in Education Computer in Hospital Patient record system تسجيل المرضى Providing a medical databaseالتزويد بقاعدة بيانات طبية Medical History of patient تتبع التاريخ العلاجى Tracking treatment cost تتبع تكاليف العلاج Establishing bed availability إحصاء عدد الآسرة Computers in Education Student register تسجيل الطلاب Computer Based Training [CBT] التدريب القائم على الكمبيوتر Distance learning system نظام التعلم عن بعد

Computer & people Computer People Can sort large amount of data Can carry out complex calculation accurately People Customer serviceخدمة العملاء Taking decisionاتخاذ القرارات Motivating the staffتحفز فريق العمل

Environment, Health& safety relation between worker and their environment Chair: adjustable, able to move up or down Screen : 1) eyes are at the same height as the top of screen 2) use filter attached to screen to reduce glare (لخفض الاشعاع ) Key board : Use Elbow and wrist support Feet : use foot pad to rest the feet Mouse : use mouse mate to make mouse easier Area is adequately light(اضاءة جيدة ) and good ventilated ( تهوية جيدة )

Health Issuesقضايا الصحة Reduce the risk of repetitive strain injury by Taking frequent breaks from the work.(التقليل من الاصابة بالإجهاد المتكرر ) Reduce the risk of neck, back and shoulder pain, by Using a fully adjustable operator’s chair الحد من مخاطر آلم الرقبة والظهر والكتف)) Environment or good use of computer Reuse the cartridge toner Any device is on sleep mode (stand by) will save power Don’t waste paper precautions (احتياطات) Use safety and suitable cable Power point are not over load and are near to computer No run cables across open areas Don’t touching internal parts of the PC

Security Password ID (user name) contain letters and number Change regularly Ensures that the person logging on is who they say they are ID (user name) Must be unique on the network Identify specific user on the network Not confidential

organization's information منظمه امن المعلومات security policy PDA (Protect Data Act) قانون حمايه البيانات Safe guard of individual privacyحماية خصوصية الافراد Prevent an unauthorized user to access privacy data Protect the individual’s right to privacyحماية الحقوق الشخصية Obliges organizations to protect confidential data within their controlيلزم المنظمات بحماية البيانات السرية

Copyright legislation قانون حماية الملكية الفكرية You can’t copy someone’s work and buy it. Any material purchased on disk is copyright. Scanned Images & Audio files & Graphics on the web are subject to copyright

Freeware & Shareware Freeware freely available Software You can use it for free , you haven't pay for it Shareware for trial period Software you can try it for free but you have to pay if you need to keep it. It is illegalغير قانونى if you copy and sell it .

Virus program damage files or hard disk Antivirus can detect and disinfect Virus Good Antivirus Check virus everyday. Delete email from unknown source. Putting a virus check in a floppy drive. Regularly visiting the web sites of your anti virus software supplier. Running a virus check on an email attachment.