Efficiency of Some Enzymes in Nanocellulose Production Boras, 2016 Ayhan Tozluoglu1, Yalcin Copur1, Bayram Poyraz1, Mustafa Yavuz2 Armando G. McDonald3, Zeki Candan4 1Department of Forest Products Engineering, Duzce University, Duzce, TURKEY 2Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, TURKEY 3Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University Idaho, USA 4Department of Forest Products Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TURKEY DÜZCE UNIVERSITY FOREST FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF WOOD CHEMSISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

Efficiency of Some Enzymes in Nanocellulose Production Boras, 2016 AIM OF THE STUDY Micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (MFC and NFC) are industrial products; however, there is a need to improve their quality and ease of production. The aim of this study was to increase the efficiency of pretreatments through the use of some enzymes to produce higher quality MFC and NFC materials. DÜZCE UNIVERSITY FOREST FACULTY Assist. Prof. Dr. Ayhan TOZLUOGLU DEPARTMENT OF WOOD CHEMSISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

Efficiency of Some Enzymes in Nanocellulose Production Boras, 2016 MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, bleached kraft pulp was enzymatically (Celluclast 1.5 L and Pulpzyme HC 2500) and mechanically treated and the effects of treatments on rheological, chemical and thermal properties of the samples were examined. The pretreated materials were homogenized using Microfluidics M 110 Y and MFC and NFC were produced. DÜZCE UNIVERSITY FOREST FACULTY Assist. Prof. Dr. Ayhan TOZLUOGLU DEPARTMENT OF WOOD CHEMSISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

Efficiency of Some Enzymes in Nanocellulose Production Boras, 2016 RESULTS Celluclast 1.5 L and Pulpzyme HC 2500 effectively degraded the glucan and xylan, respectively, in the structure. All pretreatments to produce MFC and NFC resulted in CH2 asymmetric vibrations at around 2900 cm-1 (FTIR), indicating chemical change and physical alteration that modified the crystallinity. In addition, the change in crystallinity while pretreating materials was observed via 13C-NMR at C4 peaks (67 ppm). Applying Celluclast 1.5 L significantly decreased the viscosity, and the NFC produced in this study manifested gel-like behavior at low frequency. DÜZCE UNIVERSITY FOREST FACULTY Assist. Prof. Dr. Ayhan TOZLUOGLU DEPARTMENT OF WOOD CHEMSISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

Efficiency of Some Enzymes in Nanocellulose Production Boras, 2016 Utilizing Celluclast 1.5 L as a pretreatment agent in NFC production resulted in selective hydrolysis in the amorphous cellulose and caused the formation of high aspect ratio nanoscale cellulose elements. Fairly homogeneous NFC, having a width of 35 ± 12 nm, was produced. Materials pretreated with Celluclast 1.5 L exhibited high degradation and therefore, had a lower decomposition temperature, which was ascribed to the lower crystallinity of the materials, as verified by 13C-NMR and DSC findings. DÜZCE UNIVERSITY FOREST FACULTY Assist. Prof. Dr. Ayhan TOZLUOGLU DEPARTMENT OF WOOD CHEMSISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

Efficiency of Some Enzymes in Nanocellulose Production Boras, 2016 THANK YOU… ayhantozluoglu@duzce.edu.tr DÜZCE UNIVERSITY FOREST FACULTY Assist. Prof. Dr. Ayhan TOZLUOGLU DEPARTMENT OF WOOD CHEMSISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY