What causes cancer?

Genetic,Viruses, Environment Some individuals are born with certain genes, called oncogenes, that predispose them to some cancers……but it does NOT mean they must develop cancer Human papilloma virus Environmental factors, called carcinogens, mutate DNA

Types of carcinogens Radiation: x-rays, gamma rays, UV rays certain chemicals including cigarette smoke

What is a “tumor”. Are all tumors cancers. What does malignant mean What is a “tumor”? Are all tumors cancers? What does malignant mean? What does benign mean? What is metastasize?

Tumor=new growth Malignant=cancer Benign=NOT cancer Metastasize=spread

How is cancer detected. How is it diagnosed How is cancer detected? How is it diagnosed? What is “grading” in cancer?

Self detection; symptom Preventative tests: mammograms, pap smears; blood test for prostate cancer, Biopsy Staging based on tumor size and how much it has spread

How is cancer treated? 10/4/10

No single cure…..too many causes and individual differences Surgical removal or destruction of tumors Surgery Radiation, heat, freezing Killing metastasized cells throughout body Chemotherapy Radiation

What are the seven warning signs of cancer?

Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness