Satellite Data for CLIMODE

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Presentation transcript:

Satellite Data for CLIMODE Kathie Kelly Suzanne Dickinson University of Washington Applied Physics Lab CLIMODE PIs Meeting WHOI, September 2005

Satellite Data Near real time data provided for cruises (from Remote Sensing Systems and CCAR) See web site for more detail on delivery and Matlab program(s) to read/display data Feedback on real-time before cruises PLEASE Research quality data will be archived for use by all (lag for processing/quality control) Research products (SSH, microwave SST, wind stress, air-sea fluxes)

Questions: Over what time period is real-time data needed? (from 2 weeks before cruise?) How will data be accessed? (APL or WHOI web site?) Ship-to-shore link and backup? Inmarsat

SST from Microwave Sensors Optimally interpolated SST from Remote Sensing Systems

SSH from Multiple Altimeters SSH Anomaly from CCAR plus Mean SSH from Dong & Kelly (Hydrobase)

QuikSCAT Winds in Swaths Approximately 0900 UTC Approx. 110 minutes later Winds from Remote Sensing Systems

QuikSCAT Winds in Swaths Approximately 2100 UTC Approx. 110 minutes later Winds from Remote Sensing Systems

Detail of QuikSCAT Winds Winds from Remote Sensing Systems

Weather Forecasts and Warnings Joseph Sienkiewicz of NCEP’s Marine Forecast Center has offered to provide special forecast and warning support for the cruises (QuikSCAT user and collaborator)

CLIMODE-related studies of air-sea interaction LuAnne Thompson David Trossman Kathie Kelly University of Washington CLIMODE PIs Meeting WHOI, September 2005

Storm Track Steering by Strong Currents Meridional QuikSCAT wind stress variance (proxy for cyclone activity) Maximum along Gulf Stream path (black) Similar for major current systems (Nakamura et al., 2004) Gulf Stream currents evident in QuikSCAT winds (Chelton et al., 2004)

Are heat content changes related to other climate indices Are heat content changes related to other climate indices? Heat Content Principal Components (EOFs) EOF 1: 26% of variance EOF 2: 16% of variance Mode 1: WBCs in phase -- Arctic Oscillation Index Mode 2: Pacific mode -- Pacific Decadal Oscillation Wrong sign to be ocean response to cooling by winds! Data from Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center

Heat Content and Heat Fluxes January 2000 Regression of NCEP net flux onto heat content mode 1: high heat content => high oceanic heat loss Anomalies are about 20% of annual mean flux

Ekman pumping estimates including geostrophic currents QuikSCAT scatterometer wind stress Geostrophic currents from altimeter Similar to L. Thomas method, but no assumptions on velocity/current geometry

Effect of Ocean Currents on Wind Stress (as measured by scatterometer)

TAO - QuikSCAT winds = ADCP velocity

Iterative method for estimating Ekman currents Vertically integrated x-mom equation in the Ekman layer assuming: No vertical shear in geostrophic currents Geostrophic currents obey quasi-geostrophic dynamics: Terms like are small. Initial guess for Ekman current stepped forward in “time” until a steady state is reached for weekly fields with R =1 day-1 (~ 10 hours)

Geostrophic currents from altimeter Zonal Merged AVISO altimeter data, weekly at 1/3o AVISO mean SSH (includes Levitus, drifters, and GRACE data) Smoothed to remove effects of subtracks Meridional

Mean vorticity from geostrophic currents Ratio of vorticity to Coriolis parameter

Effect of currrents on Ekman suction (wE) Winter 2000 without currents Winter 2000 with currents

Annual mean Ekman suction (wE, meters per day)

. Subduction rate The Ekman vertical velocity is given by Following Marshall et al (1993) . Overbar - annual average No vertical shear in geostrophic velocity H - Levitus March mixed-layer depth.