8/8/17 Please get out your notebook. Make a section in your Cornell Notes titled “Pre-Test” then number 1 to 5. Add space between each number.

Refresher on Ethos, Pathos, and Logos 3 Means of Persuasion Ethos: Speaker’s credibility or expertise on the topic Pathos: Use of Emotions to persuade Logos: Use of logic (Examples and Evidence)

Logical Fallacies

1. Objectives What are logical Fallacies? Why we use logical fallacies? Where do you see logical fallacies? Examples of logical fallacies

What are logical fallacies? .

I’m glad you asked! A logical fallacy is a flaw in reasoning. Logical fallacies are like tricks or illusions of thought, and they're often very sneakily used by politicians and the media to fool people. Tip Knowing these fallacies can also help you to detect weaknesses in other’s arguments!

Fallacies are dangerous persuasive tools because they often sound so appealing. However, these poor logical arguments aim for cheap reasoning and complacent acquiescence (acceptance). Don’t get fooled by these arguments. Tip Don’t wait till the end of the presentation to give the bottom line. Reveal your product or idea (in this case a translation app) up front.

Fallacies in Love is a Fallacy by Max Shulmann Red Herring: an attempt to change the subject to divert attention from the original issue. Hasty Generalization: drawing a conclusion based on a small sample size, rather than looking at statistics that are much more in line with the typical or average situation. Post Hoc Ergo: “after this, therefore because of this” occurs when someone reaches a conclusion of causation because an event followed another event. “It started to rain after my ice cream cone fell on the ground. Therefore, my ice cream falling on the ground caused it to rain.”

Other Fallacies You May Have Heard of Slippery Slope: a person asserts that a relatively small step will lead to a chain of events that results in a drastic change. Ad hominem: attacking the person instead of the argument Bandwagon Fallacy or the Ad Populum: the ad populum fallacy appeals to popularity. The premise is that an idea is popular therefore, it is correct.

2. Examples Let’s watch a few commercials. See if you can match the fallacy to the definitions you have.

Commercial #1

Commercial #2

Commercial #3

Commercial #4

Commercial #5