Pillars of bicycle chain mobility Hans Voerknecht, Klaartje Arntzen

Background Urban (car) mobility gets more and more congested Congestion grows faster inside cities than outside More infrastructure inside cities is very expensive and provides no solution There’s only one solution: Less cars in the cities Less cars -> more bikes Also need for more chain bicycle mobility

Where are the problems? Largest delays (>70%): Urban!

ANALYSE Congestion Arnhem-Nijmegen 2016

Combinations Bicycle first mile to train main problem: bicycle parking Bicycle first mile to other (High quality) public transport Bicycle last mile from train main problem: providing bicycles Bicycle last mile to other (High quality) public transport Bicycle last mile to car transport (Park & Bike)

Five essential pillars 1. Hardware 2. Soft- and orgware 3. Behavioural approach 4. Data and benchmarks 5. The embedding in the spatial vision of a city

Pillar 1: Hardware The right hubs Number of bikes available Number and quality of bike parking places Frequency of the public transport Park+Bike: Number of car parking spaces.

Example bicycle-bus-bicycle New concept: less bus stops, straight routes By bike to the bus stop By bike the last mile Very successful: ZoRo-bus, Zuidtangent Main framework for one public transport concession in the Netherlands Succes rate 25% bike as access mode to bus (normally 5%), 5% as egress mode (normally negligible)

Pillar 2 soft- and orgware Integrated journey planner Communication Booking system Guaranteed availability of a bicycle for the last mile In essence MaaS(!)

Pillar 3 Behaviour What make people choose for the bicycle chain in stead of car transport? Quality bicycle parking, Certainty bicycle Costs, Car parking Comfort Cycle routes, cycle distance Experience of bicycling and traveling by public transport Red carpet Information Expe- rience Comfort Convenience Speed Safety qnd reliability

Pillar 4 data Empty sheet in essence (urgent need for more data) Indicator of success of the chain bike trainsport??

Pillar 5 integration in spatial planning Hybrid Oriented Development (or Dutch HOD) In Transit Oriented Development (TOD), walking as access and egress mode, HOD has also bicycle as access and egress mode. Greater coverage areas of hubs Less hubs Less higher density The coverage range of major transit hubs with TOD 800-1200 meter, with HOD 2500-3500