Resources Related to Model Lesson 3: The Great War Peace Process and It’s Effects

The Armistice is Signed! 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

World War I Casualties

9,000,000 Dead

Versailles Settlement in Europe

German Territorial Losses: 1919-1921

The Big Four Woodrow Wilson USA David Lloyd-George Great Britain Vittorio Orlando Italy Georges Clemenceau France

Paris Peace Conference (cont.) David Lloyd George of Britain (mediator) Georges Clemenceau of France (wanted revenge, compensation, to contain Germany) Woodrow Wilson of the United States (idealist; national self-determination; lasting peace) Vittorio Orlando of Italy (played a minor role)

Signed in Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles, June 28, 1919

Crucial Terms: Clause 231: “War guilt” clause: “The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.” Clause 232: reparations, eventually calculated at $33,000,000,000 (1921) Covenant of the League of Nations

The cartoon above was created (incredibly) in 1920 The cartoon above was created (incredibly) in 1920. It was titled "Peace and future cannon fodder". There is a small child with a copy of the Treaty behind them. Above the child's head is a comment "1940 class". The leaders of the nations at Versailles are seen walking past, and there is a caption: "The Tiger: Curious! I seem to hear a child weeping!". Think: 1. How old would a child born in 1919 be by 1940? 2. What is this cartoonist suggesting about the Treaty of Versailles?

              Britain (David Lloyd-George)               France (George Clemenceau) Many in Britain (having seen their husbands, sons and friends killed in the war) were eager for revenge. A popular saying was "Squeeze them until the pips squeak". However Lloyd-George himself was worried about the dangers of treating Germany too harshly. Clemenceau was nicknamed "The Tiger". He wanted to make Germany pay for all the damage that France suffered during the years of fighting. He wanted to punish Germany so strongly that that couldn't even start a war again.               America (Woodrow Wilson)               Italy (Vittorio Orlando) The USA had only declared war in April 1917 and thus experienced far fewer casualties herself. Wilson arrived in Europe with his 'Fourteen Points'. These were his plans to ensure future peace in Europe. He believed Germany should be treated fairly and that a 'League of Nations' should be set up to settle future disputes between countries. Italy had declared war on Germany in 1915, changing sides from her alliance with Germany at the beginning of the war. Italy had been promised territory as a reward for changing sides. Orlando's main aim was to get the extra land for Italy - he wanted his 'fair share' from the