Organic Compounds Unit 1 Biochemistry

What is organic chemistry? The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON Natural elements: make up 96% of the mass of a human: CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN (CHON) Trace elements: only needed in small amounts, called “minerals”:

What is a macromolecule? A giant molecule made up of 100’s or 1000’s or smaller units called MONOMERS Monomers link together to form large POLYMERS formed by polymerization

4 types of Macromolecules: NUCLEIC ACIDS CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS

CARBOHYDRATES Monomer: simple sugar (glucose) Polymer: Starches (cellulose) Function: main source of energy for respiration, use by plants for energy storage Examples: Monosaccharide, disaccharide, glucose, lactose, fructose, potatoes, pasta, bread, grains, sucrose

LIPIDS Monomer: Fatty Acid Polymer: Triglycerides, oil, waxes Function: store energy, insulation, protection, waterproofing, form membranes Examples: cheese, whole milk, fried food Usually not soluble in water Saturated: has maximum number of H bonds, usually solid at room temperature Unsaturated: at least one double bond, usually liquid at room temperature

PROTEINS Monomer: amino acids (only 20 on entire planet!) Polymer: enzymes, hormones, muscle Function: form muscles, structure of hair, hormones Examples: meat, nuts, beans Large variety of sizes & shapes If the shape changes (by heat), it becomes a new protein Ex: hard boiled egg vs. raw egg

Nucleic Acids Monomer: nucleotides Polymer: DNA & RNA Function: Store and transmit genetic information, produce new cell parts Examples: DNA & RNA

Nucleotide O O=P-O N CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 Phosphate Group 5 Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5 Sugar (deoxyribose)

Organic Cut-Out Activity I should be able to look at it and see that you understand the difference in a monomer & polymer. Each of the 4 macromolecule sections should be clearly different. Boxes should be complete. Write things in if needed. More points for color and creativity. There is no perfect way to do this. There is an incorrect and a correct way to do it. Make yourself an envelope with staples to keep up with pieces. Pick up your trash.