Stereo-BRUVs assessment of South Africa’s MPAs

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Presentation transcript:

Stereo-BRUVs assessment of South Africa’s MPAs Anthony Bernard, Albrecht Götz and many many others

Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems © E. Heyns

Marine protected area research Approach Inside versus Outside: Reef habitats within MPAs are compared to similar (e.g. depth, structure) adjacent or near-by reefs. Reference sites: Reef habitats within old established and functional MPAs are assumed to represent reference ecological conditions.

Marine protected area research MPAs visited to date Table Mountain De Hoop Goukamma Tsitsikamma Bird Island Amathole Pondoland

Table Mountain National Park MPA (De Vos, Bernard, Gotz and Attwood) Mapping biodiversity in False Bay to inform marine spatial planning. Lauren De Vos, PhD candidate, UCT   stereo-BRUVs FalseBay Samples min Depth max Depth Exploited 86 4.9 84.3 MPA 52 4.5 28.5 Total 138

De Hoop MPA (Llewellyn, Kerwath, Winker, Bernard and Gotz) How effective if the De Hoop MPA from a fisheries and conservation perspective? Map of the De Hoop MPA showing the two areas that were the focus of the study The effect of protection and habitat on the fish assemblage structure Long-term trends in predicted CPUE for reef fish from the commercial line-fisheries in the vicinity of the De Hoop MPA   stereo-BRUVs De Hoop Samples min Depth max Depth De Hoop MPA 49 10 59.9 Exploited 53 10.8 54.8 Total 102 Richard Llewellyn, MSc candidate, Rhodes University

Goukamma MPA (Mayer, De Vos, Bernard, Gotz and Attwood) Adapting optimal reef fish monitoring protocols to ensure long-term feasible monitoring by conservation authorities. Wayne Mayer, MSc candidate, Cape Nature Core objectives: Compare the statistical power of data collected with GoPro-BRUVs and stereo-BRUVs Develop and test MaxN correction factors to enable comparison of data collected with GoPro’s and Handycams.   stereo-BRUVs Goukamma Samples min Depth max Depth Exploited NA MPA 22 5 23 Total

Tsitsikamma National Park MPA (Heyns, Parker, Smith, Mayer, Halse, Schmidt, Juby, Bloy, Dyer, Richoux, Harvey, Langlois, Winker, Bernard, Gotz) Numerous research questions: Method comparison and optimisation Long-term monitoring Ecological research MPA effectiveness Dr Ali Gotz, SAEON Elwandle, SA   stereo-BRUVs Tsitsikamma Samples min Depth max Depth Exploited 64 8.7 62.4 MPA 359 6.8 80.7 Total 423

Addo National Park MPA & Algoa Bay (Halse, Schmidt, Juby, Dyer, Bernard, Gotz) Numerous research questions: Method comparison and optimisation Long-term monitoring Ecological research MPA effectiveness The effect of time of day and depth zone on the abundance of spiny dog-fish The effect of time of day and depth zone on the reef fish assemblage structure in Algoa Bay   stereo-BRUVs Algoa Bay Samples min Depth max Depth Exploited 182 13 98.6 MPA 28 16 74 Total 210 Sarah Halse, Nick Schmidt, Roxy Juby, Alexei Dyer, BScH & MSc candidates, RU

Amathole MPAs (Philips, Van der Bank, Bernard and Gotz) How effective are the Amathole MPAs, and do they provide adequate protection to the reef fish typical to the region? Moraea Philips, MSc candidate, Rhodes University   stereo-BRUVs Amathole Samples min Depth max Depth Exploited 78 12.9 112.8 MPA 91 12 73.3 Total 169

Pondoland MPA Objectives: stereo-BRUVs Depth refuge (Heyns, Parker, Bernard, Mann, Maggs, Gotz) Objectives: Depth refuge Effects of fishing on lower trophic level fish MPA effectiveness Bruce Mann, ORI   stereo-BRUVs Tsitsikamma Samples min Depth max Depth Exploited 36 13 72.5 MPA 18 82.9 Total 72

Large-scale research objectives Table Mountain De Hoop Goukamma Tsitsikamma Bird Island Amathole Pondoland How effective is our current MPA network at protecting reef fish occurring across our continental shelf? e.g. The value of MPAs for dageraad (Chrysoblephus cristiceps).

Large-scale research objectives LT Objective: Mapping the distribution of fish species, abundances and sizes around the south and east coastlines of South Africa.

Inaccessible reefs stereo-BRUVs (Kerwath, Wilke, Bernard, Gotz) Assessment of the reef fish on the Agulhas Bank. stereo-BRUVs Agulhas Bank Samples min Depth max Depth Rocky bank 14 26 71 6Mile 3 63 68 Outer 12Mile 6 67 90 Alphard Bank 38 72Mile Bank (Aandsklip) 83 Cape Barracuda 36 58 Dalgleesh Bank 12 31 80 Tsitsikamma Point 15Mile 70 103 Tsitsikamma Point 20Mile 10 107 Tsitsikamma Point 2Mile 32 54 Total 75   Crew of the Ellen Kuzwayo deploying a stereo-BRUVs

Where to from here (2016 – 2018)? Improved sampling equipment Development of light-weight stereo-video systems and drop cameras. Development of deep water stereo-video systems (utilizing acoustic release technology). Acquisition of diver operated stereo-video systems for fish and invertebrate surveys. Acquisition of a dedicated coastal research RIB for platform users.

Where to from here (2016 – 2018)? Table Mountain De Hoop Goukamma Research: Work towards expanding our MPA/spatial coverage. Fill key gaps (Wild Coast, Agulhas Bank, West Coast). Dwesa-Cwebe Hluleka Aliwal Shoal iSimangaliso Table Mountain De Hoop Goukamma Tsitsikamma Bird Island Amathole Pondoland

Thanks. Questions?

BRUVs and stereo-BRUVs Low cost Lightweight Easily standardised Can be deployed off any vessel Provide only abundance and species composition. Stereo-BRUVs Expensive Heavy Easily standardised Requires a davit arm and capstan/windlass Provide abundance and species composition Provides length data! At the same time as we were doing our research two other developments were taking place. On the one side GoPros came onto the market and they allowed for the development of very low-cost and simple mono-camera BRUVs. And in Australia, researchers and software developers had created stereo-video sampling setups. One major advantage over BRUVs = length measurements. Why length NB: Fisheries, Ecology, Size structured communities, changes in habitat use related to size.

Amathole MPA research project Progress to date: Invertebrates PhD student currently working on the project.

Amathole MPA research project Gxulu MPA: Invertebrates PhD student currently working on the project.

Amathole MPA research project Gonubie MPA: Invertebrates PhD student currently working on the project.

Amathole MPA research project Kei MPA: Invertebrates PhD student currently working on the project.

Amathole MPA research project Offshore areas: Invertebrates PhD student currently working on the project.

Methods research How biased are angling surveys? Plots illustrating the difference in the fish assemblage data collected with Angling and stereo-BRUVs Plots comparing the number of samples required by the different sampling methods to produce equivalent data Denham Parker, PhD, Rhodes University We have a LTM project in Tsitsi however this employs angling to collect the data and we wanted to shift the method to stereo-BRUVs so Denham Parker, who was one of the original PhD students working on the project took the opportunity to work out how biased angling surveys were. The results showed: Angling focused on a few species (i.e. roman) but stereo-BRUVs provided a much more complete picture of the fish assemblage. The power analysis also supported stereo-BRUVs highlighting anglings inability to sample the community with the exception of roman.