Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe Bentley & Ziegler, TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS, Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe The Fragmentation of Western Christendom The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther Reform Outside Germany John Calvin Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe The Fragmentation of Western Christendom The Catholic Reformation The Council of Trent St. Ignatius Loyola The Society of Jesus Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe The Fragmentation of Western Christendom Witch-Hunts and Religious Wars Witch-Hunting Religious Wars The Thirty Years’ War Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe The Consolidation of Sovereign States The Attempted Revival of Empire Charles V Sixteenth-Century Europe Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe The Consolidation of Sovereign States The Attempted Revival of Empire Charles V Imperial Fragmentation Foreign Challenges Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe The Consolidation of Sovereign States The New Monarchs Finance State Power The Spanish Inquisition Heretics Burned at the Stake Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe The Consolidation of Sovereign States Constitutional States and Absolute Monarchies Constitutional States Absolutism The Sun King Absolutism Outside France Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe The Consolidation of Sovereign States The European States System The Peace of Westphalia Europe after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648 Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe The Consolidation of Sovereign States The European States System The Peace of Westphalia The Balance of Power Military Development Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: The Transformation of Europe Early Capitalist Society Population Growth and Urbanization American Food Crops Population Growth Urbanization Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Early Capitalist Society Early Capitalism and Protoindustrialization The Nature of Capitalism Supply and Demand Joint-Stock Companies Politics and Empire The Putting-Out System Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Early Capitalist Society Social Change in Early Modern Europe Profit and Ethics The Nuclear Family Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Science and Enlightenment The Reconception of the Universe The Ptolemaic Universe Planetary Movement Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Science and Enlightenment The Reconception of the Universe The Ptolemaic Universe Planetary Movement The Copernican Universe Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Science and Enlightenment The Scientific Revolution Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Science and Enlightenment The Enlightenment Science and Society Voltaire Deism The Theory of Progress Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Sources From The Past: Adam Smith on the Capitalist Market “Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he can command. It is in his own advantage, indeed, and not that of society, which he has in view…” - An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.