Intro to Minerals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a7p1NFn64s

What is a mineral Building blocks of rocks. AKA rocks are made out of minerals

Mineral Rules Naturally Occurring Solid Substance (at normal earth temperatures) Orderly Crystalline structure Definite Chemical Composition Generally considered inorganic – (exception is Calcite)

How do minerals Form Atoms have a chemical reaction and bond, then crystalize through 4 major processes: Magma, Precipitation, Pressure and temperature, and Hydrothermal

Magma When the molten rock cools, the minerals crystalize. Typically iron, calcium, and magnesium crystalize first (hotter temperatures). Sodium, Potassium, and aluminum form at lower temperatures

Precipitation When water evaporates (lake, ocean, etc), the minerals are sometimes left behind and combine to form minerals (Halite, calcite) Think of mud

Pressure and temperature Existing minerals get heated up and/or pressure applied making the crystals unstable and need to rearrange into tighter formations

Hydrothermal Hot water (100- 300 C or 212-572 F) creates a chemical reaction to form new minerals. When it cools it can make large crystals like quartz and pyrite.

Mineral Groups What are things that we break up into groups? Why? There are over 4000 minerals, only about 200 common We have to break them down into groups to handle all that We do it based on what they are made of

Silicates Most abundant because silicon and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the crust Always contain SiO4!!! Silicon Oxygen Tetrahedron- provides the framework 𝑴𝑮 𝟑 𝑨𝒍 𝟐 (𝑺𝒊𝑶 𝟒 ) 𝟑 Pyrope 𝑨𝒍 𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝑶 𝟒 (𝑭,𝑶𝑯) 𝟑 Topaz (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 Olivine

Carbonates Carbon, Oxygen, and a metal - Just look for CO together! Ca 𝑪𝑶 𝟑 Calcite CaMg (𝑪𝑶 𝟑 ) 𝟐 Dolomite Mg6Fe2CO3(OH)16 SJOGRENITE - Just look for CO together!

Oxides Contain Oxygen and one or more other elements (not silicon or carbon) 𝑺𝒃 𝟐 𝑶 𝟑 Valentinite (Fe, Mn, Mg)(Nb, Ta)2O6 Columbite 𝑭𝒆 𝟐 𝑶 𝟑 Hematite Look for O without Si, C, or S

Sulfates/Sulfides Contain Sulfur – Anything with just S 𝑩𝒂𝑺𝑶 𝟒 – Barite 𝑷𝒃𝑺𝑶 𝟒 PbSO4 – Anglesite (Pb, Sr)Al3PO4SO4(OH)6 - Hinsdalite

Halides Contain elements from group 17 on the periodic table Fluorine F, Clorine CL, Bromine Br, Iodine I, Astatine At CaF2 – Fluorite NaCl – Halite

Native Only made of one element Gold Au Iron Fe Aluminum Al

What other items do we group together by what they are made of? Exit Question What other items do we group together by what they are made of?