Warm Up – Write down two facts from looking at the maps. (You must use more than one map)

Impact of Western Expansion on Native Americans

Content Objective: Compare U. S Content Objective: Compare U.S. treatment of the Native American tribes. Language Objective: List one reason for Westward Expansion that impacted the Native Americans.

Native Americans Native Americans lived a nomadic life, following their main source of food, buffalo.

Treaties and Reservations U.S. Government negotiated treaties – formal agreements between two sovereign nations. Native Americans were citizens of their tribe, who lived within the boundaries of the U.S. Reservations were created to encourage the Native Americans to live within clearly defined areas.

Treaties and Reservations The U.S. promised to provide food, goods and money and to protect the Native Americans from attack by other tribes and white settlers. The U.S. also promised that no further demands would be made on the Native Americans. The U.S. Government did not keep its promises.

Assimilation Attempted to assimilate (make the Native Americans similar to the settlers) and change the Native American way of life. Buffalo – Story of US Story of US – Buffalo 6 min

Battle of Little Big Horn The Sioux nation and the U.S. government signed a treaty in 1868 that said the Sioux would live on a reservation as long as the Black Hills, a sacred place, would be forever protected by the Sioux. The U.S. government violated the treaty when General George Custer led an expedition to mine for gold in the sacred Black Hills of the Dakotas. The Sioux tribes left the reservation to protect their land against the miners and U.S. troops were ordered in to bring them back. Ignoring orders to wait, he decided to attack before they could alert the main party. He did not realize that the number of warriors in the village numbered three times his strength. In 1868, the United States made a treaty with the Sioux nation—a loose confederacythat included the Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota peoples—that confined them to areservation. The Treaty of Fort Laramie promised that the Black Hills, which the Sioux considered sacred, would forever be part of their reservation and closed to white settlement. In 1874, however, Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer led an expedition that verified rumors of rich gold deposits there. Prospectors quickly began to trespass on Indian land and stake illegal claims—then demand that the army protect them from Indian attacks. In the summer of 1876, the U.S. Army deployed troops to the Black Hills to trap a group of roaming Sioux and force them back to their reservation. Custer’s Seventh Cavalry and his Crow Indian allies were supposed to coordinate operations with other units of the expedition. But on the morning of June 25, Custer found an Indian villageand decided to attack on his own. In the ensuing battle, the Seventh Cavalry was overwhelmed: more than 200 troops, including Custer, were killed. The loss so outraged the U.S. government—and the public at large—that the army mounted a new offensive, crushing armed Sioux resistance.

Battle of Little Big Horn Custer was supposed to wait for reinforcements, but saw an opportunity and attacked the Sioux. Sioux Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Lt. Colonel George Custer. Custer and his entire command were killed. The U.S. government and people demanded action against the Sioux.

Custer’s Last Tweets

The Massacre at Wounded Knee In an act of desperation, the Sioux began performing a ritual known as the Ghost Dance. Officials found the dance alarming and banned it. prophesied that the dead would soon join the living in a world in which the Indians could live in the old way surrounded by plentiful game. A tidal wave of new soil would cover the earth, bury the whites, and restore the prairie. To hasten the event, the Indians were to dance the Ghost Dance. Many dancers wore brightly colored shirts emblazoned with images of eagles and buffaloes. These "Ghost Shirts" they believed would protect them from the bluecoats' bullets. approximately 300 Sioux were dead, Big Foot among them. Twenty-five soldiers lost their lives

The Massacre at Wounded Knee Chief Sitting Bull allowed the dance to continue and during the arrest attempt, he was killed. The rest of the Sioux tribe fled to Wounded Knee Creek. While there, the U.S. army surrounded, shot and killed the entire tribe. 300 Sioux killed 25 U.S. soldiers killed Story of US Story of US. – Last of the Sioux – 4 min prophesied that the dead would soon join the living in a world in which the Indians could live in the old way surrounded by plentiful game. A tidal wave of new soil would cover the earth, bury the whites, and restore the prairie. To hasten the event, the Indians were to dance the Ghost Dance. Many dancers wore brightly colored shirts emblazoned with images of eagles and buffaloes. These "Ghost Shirts" they believed would protect them from the bluecoats' bullets. approximately 300 Sioux were dead, Big Foot among them. Twenty-five soldiers lost their lives

Apache Tribe surrendered to U.S. Government despite broken promises. Geronimo Escaped the reservation in 1881 and continued to battle U.S. troops until his surrender in 1886. Constantly battling Mexican and American raiders, finally surrendered only to be imprisoned.

Geronimo He spent 27 years as a prisoner of war. “I should have never surrendered,” Geronimo said on his deathbed. “I should have fought until I was the last man alive.”

Warm Up Honors List 3 reasons people moved west. Answer the following on #46. List 3 reasons people moved west. Describe at least two features of the Great Plains.

Warm Up List 2 reasons people moved west. Answer the following on #46. List 2 reasons people moved west. Describe the geography of the Great Plains (what does it look like?)

Content Objective: Analyze the lyrics to “The Heart of the Appaloosa” to understand what happened to the Nez Perce. Language Objective: List the states where there were battles to maintain land by the Apache, Nez Perce and Sioux.

Nez Percé In 1877 the Government demanded that they move their tribe to a smaller reservation in Idaho because of the gold rush.

Nez Percé The tribe reluctantly agreed until Chief Joseph found out members of his tribe attacked a bunch of white settlers in anger. To save his tribe, they tried to use a military retreat to escape to Canada.

Chief Joseph They made it 3 months and traveled 1,170 miles. Chief Joseph surrendered just 40 miles short of Canadian border. “From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hJFi7SRH7Q Stereotyping of Native Americans

List the states the Nez Perce traveled through in their escape attempt.

Nez Perce Heart of the Appaloosa http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hJFi7SRH7Q Stereotyping of Native Americans

Westward Expansion Rap http://youtu.be/aqCO1fMWeOM

Reflection: What are some similarities across the treatment of the Native American tribes?

Stereotyping of Native Americans http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hJFi7SRH7Q