Chapter 4: Independence Section 3: Independence Declared Pages: 114-119

Independence Declared July 2, 1776, the Second Continental Congress voted in favor of Independence

Independence Declared Reasons for Independence: (114) Many colonists favored independence for TWO reasons: The colonists believed that the British government had violated their rights as British subjects Some of their fellow colonists had already died defending these rights

Reasons for Independence: (114) Patrick Henry and Thomas Paine emerged as powerful supporters of Independence Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense, which stirred up public support for the Revolution and called for the end of Britain’s rule of the colonies Common Sense sold 120,000 copies in three months and helped transform a disorganized colonial rebellion into a focused movement for Independence

The Declaration of Independence: (115) The Second Continental Congress appointed a five-person committee to draft the Declaration of Independence Virginia lawyer and planter, and slaveholder, Thomas Jefferson, became chair of the committee and did most of the actual writing of the Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence: (115) July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence’s immediate purpose was to win support for Independence here and abroad The Declaration detailed the misdeeds of King George III toward the colonists

Reactions to Independence: (116-117) Declaration of Independence inspired mixed reactions throughout the colonies Many Patriots rejoiced wildly Loyalists (Tories): opposed the Declaration of Independence; they based their loyalty to Britain on the long-held belief that to resist the King was to rebel against God Also, the Loyalists were against Independence because if the colonies won they may lose their wealth

Fighting the War: (117) PROBLEMS for the Colonists: 1.Lack of a powerful central government made the American war effort difficult 2.The Second Continental Congress had no real authority. They could ask the states for help but could not force them to comply

Independence Declared THOSE WHO SERVED: (118-119) Patriot forces enjoyed TWO key advantages over the British The colonists fought on familiar ground The colonists were motivated by revolutionary zeal

CONTINENTALS & REDCOATS: (118) Most continental soldiers were: Under 23 years of age Owned little or no property Grew up on Farms Some were drafted and others served as paid replacements for draftees Some enlisted to receive small cash bonuses and promises of free land after the war They believed they were fighting for a “glorious cause.”

Independence Declared CONTINENTALS & REDCOATS: (118) BRITISH SOLDIERS British soldiers were young men from poor rural backgrounds British soldiers were highly trained, well-supplied, and accustomed to military discipline

AFRICAN AMERICANS & AMERICAN INDIANS: (118-119) George Washington initially said that black soldiers could not serve in the Continental Army because they feared slaves would revolt if given a gun In 1775, the Governor of Virginia offered freedom to slaves who would leave their owners to fight in the war on the British side In Response, the Continental Army began to enlist FREE African Americans

AFRICAN AMERICANS & AMERICAN INDIANS: (118-119) American Indians played an important role in the War The Native Americans knowledge of the land, made them valuable for both sides

AMERICAN INDIANS (con’t) In the beginning both the British and the Patriots tried to respect the Indians’ neutrality Soon, however, the urgent need for skilled fighters led both sides to recruit Indian soldiers Native Americans did fight for the British and the Patriots

Patriot women served the revolutionary cause in important ways Some fought in the war Some were spies or messengers Worked as cooks, laundresses, and nurses

WOMEN CONTINUED… Distributed medical supplies, making uniforms, and helping to manufacture bullets While men at war some women tended to the farms to help keep the colonial economy going DID THIS FOR PATRIOTS AND THE BRITISH

Independence Declared Deborah Sampson Gannett of Massachusetts, for example, disguised herself as a man and became the “faithful and gallant soldier” Robert Shurtleff.

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