Path to Independence and Republicanism Unit 3 Chapter 5 The Problem of Empire

Duel for North America World War’s 1-4 England vs. France King William’s War Queen Anne’s War Treaty of Utrecht King George’s War Louisbourg Peace Treaty of 1748

The Battle of Quebec on the Plains of Abraham-the beginning of the end for British-American relations.

French and Indian War Seven Years’ War 1754-1763 French forts and British expansion in Ohio River Valley George Washington’s mission Fort Duquesne Fort Necessity Albany Congress Benjamin Franklin Albany Plan for Union 1754 Neither British or Colonists agreed. Why?

Albany Congress

Before 1754 After 1763

French Indian War Treaty of Paris…first of 4 Effects on colonial relations Debt led to more imperial control over taxes, markets, and politics…End of Salutary Neglect Effects on Native Americans Continued conflict Lost French alliance Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763 Proclamation Line of 1763 Paxton Boy’s 1764

Line of Proclamation 1763

Push for Independence Colonists unite around real and perceived constraints Fueled by colonial elite as well as grassroots efforts by labor, artisans, and women Benjamin Franklin Rights of British citizens Tradition of self rule Ideas of the Enlightenment

Stamp Act 1765 Revenue tax to pay for troops Vice Admiralty courts Stamp Act Congress “No taxation without representation” External(indirect) vs. internal(direct) tax Virtual vs. direct representation Sons of Liberty boycotts Stamp Act repealed in 1766 Declaratory Act

Townshend Acts 1767 Indirect tax Pays royal governors and judges Paint, glass, lead, paper, tea Pays royal governors and judges Power of the Purse Non importation agreements Boston Massacre Townshend Acts repealed in 1770 Committee of Correspondence Letter from a Farmer in Pennsylvania John Dickinson

The Tea Act 1773 Boston Tea Party

Push for American Independence Boston Tea Party 1773 Coercive/Intolerable Acts 1774 Quebec Act First Continental Congress 1774

Philosophy(Ideology) of American Independence Republican self government Natural rights John Locke Lexington and Concord Second Continental Congress 1775 Common Sense 1776 Thomas Paine The Crisis Declaration of Independence

Thomas Paine Common Sense January 1776 Argues independence and a REPUBLIC. “We may as well assert that, because a child has thrived upon milk, it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty.” “But there is something absurd in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island.” “Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature, cries, ‘tis time to part.”

Thomas Paine’s The Crisis THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods; and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article as FREEDOM should not be highly rated. Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER" and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth.