4.2, IDEAS HELP START A REVOLUTION

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4.2, IDEAS HELP START A REVOLUTION

First Continental Congress Sept., 1774 – Philadelphia Key delegates: John Adams, Sam Adams, John Dickinson, Patrick Henry, George Washington Accomplishments: Boycott of British goods and a call for a Second Continental Congress

Carpenter’s Hall

Second Continental Congress May, 1775 – Philadelphia Radicals: John Adams Moderates: John Dickinson Accomplishments: Continental Army established, with Washington as commander Olive Branch Petition (rejected by King George III)

Battle of Bunker Hill June 17, 1775 Massachusetts Militia is defeated, but the British suffer high casualties (1,000+) Pyrrhic victory for the British Col. Prescott: “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”

Bunker Hill Monument

The Death of General Warren

Common Sense Written by Thomas Paine (anonymously published – Jan. 1776) 500,000 copies sold Attacks the monarchy Monarchy breeds war Hereditary succession is absurd Distance (4 months for an answer) Commerce

Thomas Paine

Common Sense “Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, 'tis time to part.” “The cause of America is in a great measure the cause of all mankind.” “The Sun never shined on a cause of greater worth.”

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Declaration of Independence “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States” – Richard Henry Lee (VA) Committee of Five: Thomas Jefferson (VA), John Adams (MA), Benjamin Franklin (PA), Roger Sherman (CT) Robert Livingston (NY)

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Declaration of Independence John Locke’s influence Second Treatise on Government “Life, liberty, property” Natural rights Social contract

Declaration of Independence Preamble “When in the course of human events…” Basic rights “We hold these truths to be self evident…” British wrongs “He has…” Call for an independent nation “These United Colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states.”

Loyalists Loyalists wished to remain loyal to Great Britain and King George III (KG3) Typically wealthy 20-30% of colonial population New York, Georgia, South Carolina African Americans….? Native Americans ….?