Chapter 2 Lab Procedures & Tool Use PC Support & Repair Chapter 2 Lab Procedures & Tool Use

Objectives After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: Explain the purpose of safe working conditions and procedures. Identify tools and software used with personal computer components and their purposes. Implement proper tool use. Identify safety procedures and potential hazards for users and technicians. Identify safety procedures to protect equipment from damage and data from loss. Identify safety procedures to protect the environment from contamination. This chapter covers basic safety practices for the workplace, hardware and software tools, and the disposal of hazardous materials. Safety guidelines help protect individuals from accidents and injury. They also help to protect equipment from damage. Some of these guidelines are designed to protect the environment from contamination caused by improperly discarded materials.

Safe Workplace PROTECT PEOPLE PROTECT EQUIPMENT & DATA Prevents personal injury PROTECT EQUIPMENT & DATA Keeps equipment safe PROTECT ENVIRONMENT No contamination A safe workspace is clean, organized, and properly lighted.

Protect People- Safety Precautions Remove watch & jewelry and secure loose clothing Turn off the power and unplug equipment before performing service Cover sharp edges inside the computer case with tape Never open a power supply or a CRT monitor. Do not touch areas in printers that are hot or that use high voltage Know where the fire extinguisher is and how to use it Keep food & drinks out of your workspace Keep your workspace clean and free of clutter Bend your knees when lifting heavy objects to avoid injuring your back Wear safety goggles Keep fire extinguisher & first aid kit handy Watch cable tripping hazard; Where would you place cables to prevent this? CONDUIT or CABLE TRAY

Protect People -Electrical Safety HIGH VOLTAGE Power supplies & CRT Monitors Should be replaced, not repaired DO NOT wear antistatic wrist strap if you repair these Printer parts can become HOT & have high voltage Let cool down & read manual for high voltage areas Don’t mix AC adapters for laptops Might have different power requirements Professor Messer

Protect People- Fire Safety TURN OFF PC & UNPLUG before you do work Know how to operate a fire extinguisher Follow safety procedures Never fight a fire that is out of control or not contained. Always have a planned fire escape route before beginning any work. Get out of the building quickly. Contact emergency services for help. Be sure to locate and read the instructions on the fire extinguishers in your workplace before you have to use them.

Protect Equipment- EMI & RFI Outside electrical signals interfere with media (wire) Distorts the normal signal Power lines, motors, lightning storms RFI (Type of EMI) Cordless phone or microwave oven messes up Wi-Fi Phone interferes w/ speaker

Protect Equipment- ESD Static electricity Buildup of charge on surface Buildup can JUMP to a component Electrostatic discharge Anything you do can cause static 3000v for you to feel it Walk across carpet & touch someone 10,000v!!! LESS THAN 30V CAN DAMAGE PC COMPONENTS

Protect Equipment- Against ESD Professor Messer Protect Equipment- Against ESD Keep components in antistatic bags Use grounded mats on workbenches Use grounded floor mats in work areas Use antistatic wrist straps when working on computers

Protect Equipment- Climate If the environment temperature is very high, equipment can overheat Humidity =increases ESD chances Humidity =less likely ESD If the humidity level is very high, equipment can suffer from moisture damage LOW Keep the relative humidity in the room high, ideally around 40-70%, and temperature between 72-77 degrees. The key is to avoid dry air in the computer repair location to prevent ESD. H I GH

Protect Equipment- Power Issues PROBLEM DESCRIPTION SURGE Dramatic voltage increase that lasts seconds SPIKE Voltage increase that lasts milliseconds SAG Voltage decrease that lasts milliseconds BROWNOUT Voltage decrease that lasts seconds usually from an overload BLACKOUT Complete loss of power NOISE Unclean power caused by interference from lighting & motors Use handout to complete chart first and then review.

Protect Equipment- Power Protection Devices DESCRIPTION Surge Protector Diverts excess power to ground SPS- Standby Power Supply or Offline UPS MOST COMMON Switches to battery in milliseconds UPS- or Online UPS VERY EXPENSIVE Constantly powers device from battery No power fluctuations Use for critical devices Best to unplug devices during a storm. Most UPS’ can communicate with the OS to save & shutdown the computer/device. DO NOT plug a laser printer into a UPS. It has too much drain when in use and could set off UPS.

Protect Environment- Hazardous Materials Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, or mercury Follow regulations for recycle or removal Look up your town’s policy

Protect Environment- SDS Document summarizes materials, hazards, safety procedures for spills, safety requirements SDS for Lysol Spray SDS for Energizer Alkaline Batteries

Protect Environment- Disposal Batteries Lead, cadmium, lithium, alkaline manganese, and mercury DO NOT DECAY Recycle Li-ion, Ni-Cd, Ni-Mh, and lead-acid Monitors Glass, metal, plastic, lead Recycle Toner & Ink Recycle or refill Cleaning chemicals or Cans of air Not down sink/drain Aerosol cans can overheat & explode! You can be fined for improper disposal.

Activity TestOut 2.1.8- Practice Questions (10)

Review- 3Q What items are hazardous & need to be disposed of specially? Batteries, monitors, toner Before you work on a PC, you should… Turn off & unplug it To reduce a chance if ESD, you should use mats on two places. Where? Desk & floor

Review- 4Q Where should you store parts, like hard drives & NICs when not in a computer? Antistatic bag What can cause EMI? Motors, power lines, lightning T or F. Before you work on a monitor, you should clip the antistatic strap to the desk. False What document describes chemical ingredients & spill cleanup process? SDS

Proper Use of Tools

Hardware Tools Get a handy-dandy toolkit Types of tools to have: ESD tools Hand tools Cleaning tools Diagnostic tools

ESD Tools Antistatic wrist strap Antistatic mat Protects when grounded to a computer chassis Antistatic mat Protects by preventing static electricity from accumulating on the hardware or on the technician

Activity Identify the Hand Tools, Cable Tools & Cleaning Tools Handout TestOut 2.3.3- Practice Questions (11)

Diagnostic Tools Multimeter Loopback adapter Power Supply Tester Cable Tester Tone Generator & Probe WiFi Analyzer External HD Enclosure Tone generator & probe- link for video- connects to cable and sends a tone through it. The probe can run along the cable listening for & playing the tone. For tracing cables. WiFi Analyzer- displays wireless networks, signal strengths, help position APs

Disk Management Tools Disk Management – Creates/formats partitions on HD Format – Erases all Scandisk or Chkdsk – Checks the integrity of files and folders on a hard drive by scanning the file system. Also checks the disk surface for physical errors Optimize drive (Defrag) – Optimizes space on HD to allow faster access to data Disk Cleanup – Clears space on a hard drive System File Checker (SFC) – Scans OS critical files and replaces any files that are corrupted XP & up uses Disk Management– SHOW IT Scandisk (OLD, Win 9x); CHKDSK (watch video)

Disk Management Tools

Software Tools- Protection Software Windows Action Center Checks the status of essential security settings Continuously checks to make sure firewall & AV running Ensures automatic updates are set to download & install automatically Antivirus Program/Windows Defender Protects against virus attacks & spyware Windows Firewall Runs continuously to protect against unauthorized communications to and from your computer To protect data & integrity of the OS/software

Software Tools- Protection Software

Activity 2.2.2.3 Worksheet - Diagnostic Software Handout TestOut 2.4.6- Install a UPS Lab TestOut 2.4.7- Practice Questions (9)

Reference Tools Keep repairs documented! Use the Internet for help Keep notes Journal all activities Repair log Use the Internet for help

Review- 4Q What process moves parts of files closer together on a hard drive? Defrag What process will clean up temporary files you got from going on the Internet? Disk cleanup Define a brownout. Reduced voltage for a period of time What tool can measure voltage or check a cable’s continuity? Multimeter

Review- 3Q Which screwdriver has a straight end? Flathead Which XP CLI utility scans for corrupted OS files & replaces them? System file checker What is best at removing dust in a PC? Compressed air

Demonstrate Proper Tool Use

Using the Antistatic Wrist Strap Wrap around wrist Clip to unpainted metal case DO NOT wear one if repairing a power supply or monitor Self ground- touch metal part of case first DEMO this! Although wearing a wrist strap helps prevent ESD, you can further reduce the risks by not wearing clothing made of silk, polyester, or wool. These fabrics are more likely to generate a static charge. Note: Technicians should roll up their sleeves, remove scarves or ties, and tuck in shirts to prevent interference from clothing. Ensure that earrings, necklaces, and other loose jewelry are properly secured.

Using the Antistatic Mat DO NOT work on PC on carpeted area Lay mat on desk Clip mat to the case

Using Hand Tools Use proper screwdriver Stripped screw DO NOT use magnetized tools around computers Could be harmful to data or induce a current How can you tell if one is?

Cleaning Materials Dust traps heat TURN OFF DEVICE BEFORE YOU CLEAN IT

Activity 2.2.4.4 Lab - Using a Multimeter and a Power Supply Tester 2.2.4.5 Lab - Testing UTP Cables Using a Loopback Plug and a Cable Meter

Cisco Computer Disassembly Video Project 2.2.4.7 Lab - Computer Disassembly Cisco Computer Disassembly Video 16:03

Review- 4Q What should you clip the wrist strap to? Unpainted metal part of the case It looks like the heat sink is a bit dusty. What should you use to clean it? Compressed air Let’s say you have to replace RAM in a computer but you don’t have a wrist strap. What should you do? Place computer on a table (not a rug) and touch a metal part of the case to ground yourself. You are fixing a PC with Windows 98. What software tool checks the integrity of files and folders? Scandisk

Review

Summary Some of the important concepts to remember from this chapter: Work in a safe manner to protect users and equipment. Follow all safety guidelines to prevent injuries to yourself and others. Know how to protect equipment from ESD damage. Know about and be able to prevent power issues that can cause equipment damage or data loss.

Summary Know which products and supplies require special disposal procedures. Familiarize yourself with the MSDS for safety issues and disposal restrictions to help protect the environment. Be able to use the correct tools for the task. Know how to clean components safely. Use organizational tools during computer repairs.

Chapter 2 Lab Procedures & Tool Use PC Support & Repair Chapter 2 Lab Procedures & Tool Use