Normal bone architecture
Early osteoporotic changes
Loss of trabeculation Increased lacunar space
INVESTIGATIONS
Rule out other reasons ( Normal chemical parameters) Only investigation available to measure bone mass is Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC MEASURES
Increase bone mass at childhood Avoid obesity Exposure to sunlight Encourage exercises Calcium intake Avoid certain medications
Daily Calcium Requirement Children 600mg/day Adolescents (growth spurt) 750mg/day Adults 1g/day Pregnant women, postmenopausal and patients with fractures 1.5g/day Breast-feeding women 2g/day
How to prevent fractures Avoid high strenuous activities Walking aids Slippery floors Healthy bending habits