India

Indian subcontinent located on the southern ridge of Asia Includes _____________________________ River valleys _________________________________ Fertile coastal plains

Geography _______________________ Ganges River Indus River To the north, highest mountains in the world Ganges River South of the Himalaya Indus River West of the Ganges _____________________________ South of rivers, hilly and dry

Climate of India __________________________ Seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia Warm air from south in summer Heavy rains, farmers depend on Cold dry air from northeast during winter

India’s first civilizations 3000 BC – 1500 BC in valleys of Indus River Harappa 35000 people _______________________ 35000-4000 people ** Both had planned cities with streets ** mud brick buildings **______________________ **garbage chutes

Rulers and Economy of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro based on __________________________ Religion and political powers closely related Economy based on farming and trade

Aryans 1500 BC Conquered the _____________________ Excelled at war Way of life Farmers-introduction of iron and plow Wheat and barley, rice, vegetables Sanskrit-fist written language Rajas-Aryans leaders ***1500-400 BC India time of conflict and war

Society in ancient India The _______________________ Rigid social categories that determined persons occupation, economic potential, position in society, and was based on skin color **Aryan’s were light skinned and looked down upon their subjects

Caste System 1.The priests-____________ 2._______________ or warriors 3.__________________ or commoners or farmers 4._______________-majority of population-Not Aryans Peasants, had limited rights 5.__________________-not considered real part of society, collecting trash, handle dead bodies

Family in India Centered on family Three generations living under one roof _____________________-focus on males Males could inherit property, men educated, men could take 2nd wife if unable to bear children Arranged marriages-economic strain on parents ______________-a wife to throw herself on her dead husbands flaming pyres(material set on fire)