Introduction to Feedlots

Steers/heifers/mixed Varying history 400-850 pounds 6-17 months of age Steers/heifers/mixed Varying history Animal Husbandry Economics Veterinary Medicine Photo courtesy of responsiblebeef.com 1250-1400 pounds 14-21 months of age Steers or heifers Pen or lot Photo courtesy of responsiblebeef.com

Feedlot Layout General Receiving pens Processing barn Home pens Hospital with pens Feedmill

Feedlot Layout General

Feedlot Layout General Pen dimensions Varies to hold 60 – 300 head Typically 75 ft2/head Adjust for dust

Feedlot Layout General Pen dimensions Water Fenceline waterer Frost-free Concrete apron Training may be required

Feedlot Layout General Pen dimensions Water Bunk space Receiving – 24” 500-700 lbs – 18” Finishing – 9-12”

Feedlot Layout General Pen dimensions Water Bunk space Slope/mounds

Feedlot Layout General Pen dimensions Water Bunk space Slope/mounds Shade/wind breaks

Arrival Processing High Risk Low Risk Light weight “Bawling” calves “Put together” calves No vaccination/anthelmintic history Long haul Bulls/horns Source reputation Older Weaned Single source Preconditioned Local cattle Steers and heifers Reputable source

Arrival Processing Eartags

Arrival Processing Eartags Vaccines Selected to fit the cattle Administered according to BQA guidelines

Arrival Processing

Arrival Processing Eartags Vaccines Implants Placed SQ on back of ear Improve feed efficiency 5-10% Improve daily gain 5-15% 0 days withdrawl

Name (mg/implant) Cattle Window Payout Estrogen (mg/implant) Progesterone Anabolic Target Cattle Re-implant Window Estimated Payout Ralgro 36 mg Zeranol a   Calves/stocker/feeders over 45 days of age 45 - 70 days 70 - 100 Days Synovex-C Comp. E-C 10 mg E2 benzoate b 100 mg Calves between 45 days of age and weaning 45 - 90 100 - 140 Revalor-G Comp. TE-G 8 mg E2 -17bc 40 mg trenbolone acetated Pastured stocker & feeder steers 120 Magnum 72 mg Weaned stocker & feeder cattle 100 - 120 Compudose 24 mg E2 -17b c 140 - 170 170 - 200 Encore 43.7 mg 280 - 340 300 - 400 Synovex-S Comp. E-S 20 mg 200 mg Revalor-IS Comp. TE-IS 16 mg 80 mg Revalor-IH Comp. TE-IH stocker & feeder heifers Synovex Choice 14 mg Revalor-S Comp. TE-S 120 mg 90 - 100 Finaplix-S 140 mg 60 - 80 60 - 100 Synovex-H Comp. E-H Testosterone Revalor-H Comp. TE-H 14 mg E2 -17bc TBAd 90-100 days 100-140 Days

Arrival Processing Eartags Vaccines Implants Dewormer Pour-on vs oral vs injectable? Combination? Generics?

Arrival Processing Eartags Vaccines Implants Dewormer Metaphylaxis Based on cattle Mandatory waiting period

Arrival Processing Eartags Vaccines Implants Dewormer Metaphylaxis Pregnancy examination Abort Calve Cull Avoid by spaying

Arrival Processing Eartags Vaccines Implants Dewormer Metaphylaxis Pregnancy examination Castrate/dehorn? Band vs surgical castrations Local anesthesia Avoid at processing

Nutritional Program Adaption Bunk management Melengesterol acetate (MGA) Ionophores Enhance feed efficiency Coccidiostat E.g. monensin, lasolocid

Average Daily Gain The amount of gain divided by the number of days in the feeding period Impacted by: Genetics Health Nutrition Etc. 3+ lbs/day is common

(lbs. consumed/lb. of gain) Feed Efficiency Body Weight (lbs.) Feed Efficiency (lbs. consumed/lb. of gain) 300 4 400 5 500 6 600 700 800 7 900 8 1000 9 Feed efficiency (F/E) is the pounds of feed necessary to increase the body weight of the animal by one pound. Rule of Thumb: F/E = 1% of body weight and moves toward 6. Example: A 300 pound calf would have an expected feed efficiency equal to 1% of its body weight but moved toward 6. In other words 1% of 300 is 3 but moved one step toward 6 makes the F/E = 4.

Health Management Pen riding

Health Management Pen riding Pulls DART Depression Appetite Respiratory index Temperature Other clinical signs Taken to hospital for final diagnosis and treatment

Health Management Pen riding Pulls Tx protocols Designed by consulting vet Implemented by feedlot hospital crew Based on historical data and research

Health Management

Health Management Respiratory Digestive Lameness Undifferentiated BRD Diphtheria Digestive Bloat Acidosis Diarrhea Lameness Others – “Bullers”, prolapses, pinkeye, etc.

Health Management Pen riding Pulls Tx protocols Railers/realizers Marketing Options Pen riding Pulls Tx protocols Railers/realizers Slaughter Recovered, but ↓ BW & BCS vs penmates Must clear withdrawls Sale “Realizer buyer” Heavily discounted Renderer Sale barn - Buyer beware!

The Show List Finishing the calf Preharvest management Withdrawls + + +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- -

The Show List Optaflexx Finishing the calf Zilmax Ractopamine hydrochloride Fed last 28-40 days Increase rate of gain, feed efficiency, and carcass leanness 0 days withdrawl Zilmax Zilpateral hdyrochloride Fed last 20 days Increase live and carcass wt, dressing %, and Yield Grade 3 day withdrawl Finishing the calf Preharvest management Withdrawls Beta agonists

Close Out Finishing the calf Close out data Preharvest management Withdrawls Beta agonists Close out data Steers Heifers Number 29663 20408 In Weight 796 776 Final Weight 1393 1251 Avg. DOF 164 (148-176) 153 (135-172) ADG 3.52 (3.13-3.87) 3.21 (2.80-3.59) F:G 6.05 (5.64-6.68) 6.33 (5.84-6.92) % Death Loss 1.70 2.21 AVG Cost of Gain/Cwt. $79.36 (72.30-87.89 $84.76 (77.95-91.77 Kansas Feedlot Performance and Feed Cost Summary, May 2016 Closeout Information

Questions?