Globalization and Its Discontents 1989 - Present

End of the Cold War Election of 1988 Democratic nominee - Governor Michael Dukakis Republican nominee – Vice President George Bush Sr. elected Gorbachev reforms Perestroika – economic and political restructuring Glasnost – openness / more freedom of religion and speech

End of the Cold War Revolutions in Eastern Europe Poland – Solidarity uprising Czechoslovakia – “Velvet Revolution” Hungary and Bulgaria – peaceful Romania – violent uprising ending in death of Communist leader and wife November 1989 – Berlin Wall fell resulting in unification of West and East Germany

End of the Cold War Collapse of Soviet Union August 1991 Communist hardliners staged a coup as Gorbachev vacationed Russian President Boris Yeltsin defied coup leaders Russian people surrounded Russian Parliament to protect it from troops US President Bush phoned Yeltsin in support Coup collapsed – Yeltsin outlawed the Communist Party in Russia Gorbachev announced the end of the Soviet Union

End of the Cold War Communist Chinese determined to stay in power Pro-democracy protest held by Chinese in Tiananmen Square Government tanks and troops crushed the protest killing hundreds Tiananmen Square

End of the Cold War Panama Persian Gulf War 1989 – Panamanian dictator, Manuel Noriega, aided drug traffickers and harassed US personnel Operation Just Cause - US invaded Panama and captured Noriega Persian Gulf War 1990 - Saddam Hussein argued with Kuwait over oil fields Iraqi Army invaded Kuwait Bush formed coalition army and forced Iraq out of Kuwait (Operation Desert Storm)

End of the Cold War The Economy Slows Recession began in 1990 partly caused by end of Cold War Companies began downsizing – laying off workers / becoming more efficient More federal money went to pay off debt Bush broke campaign pledge and allowed Congress to vote for more taxes – “read my lips”

President George Bush Sr. End of the Cold War Bill Clinton – Governor of Arkansas Extended rights with passage of Americans with Disabilities Act Law required access to all public buildings for disabled 1992 Election Democratic nominee – Bill Clinton Republican nominee – George Bush Sr. Third Party nominee – H. Ross Perot Clinton won election w/43% of the vote President George Bush Sr. Businessman H. Ross Perot

President Bill Clinton The Clinton Years Raised taxes – cut spending Hillary Clinton Put in charge of healthcare reform Produced complicated plan that failed to generate support Family and Education Medical Leave Act – allowed up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave AmeriCorps Program – put students to work in community service President Bill Clinton

The Clinton Years Republicans Regain Control of Congress Contract with America – Republicans voted into office promising several changes Budget battle between President and Congress caused shutdown of government – Republicans backed down Passed several laws w/President including Welfare Reform Act Rep. Newt Gingrich – Speaker of the House and author of the Contract with America

The Clinton Years Election of 1996 – Clinton defeated Republican Bob Dole Impeachment Whitewater Special Prosecutor Kenneth Starr 1998 Congress impeached Clinton on two charges: Perjury and Obstruction of Justice Senate voted 55-45 to acquit on first charge and 50-50 on second charge Two-thirds needed to convict Vote was along party lines

The Clinton Years The Haitian Intervention Haitian President Aristide overthrown Clinton ordered US invasion to restore order Peacekeeping in Bosnia / Kosovo Breakup of Yugoslavia caused war and ethnic cleansing – brutal expulsion of an ethnic group from a certain area UN and NATO intervened to protect citizens NATO bombed Serbia

Rabin, Clinton, and Arafat in the White House Rose Garden The Clinton Years The Middle East Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasir Arafat met with Clinton The PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist and Israel recognized the PLO as the legitimate voice of the Palestinian people Subsequent attempts to out agreements have failed Rabin, Clinton, and Arafat in the White House Rose Garden

The Technological Revolution Rise of the Compact Computer ENIAC – world’s first electronic digital computer (1946). Weighed 30 tons / size of a small house 1959 First integrated circuit – complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon Area in California where companies produced chips became known as Silicon Valley 1968 Microprocessors invented – combined circuits with memory and computing functions

The Technological Revolution Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs produced first practical and affordable personal computer – Apple I IBM competed with the “PC” Apple introduced the MacIntosh using a simple operating system Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft which produced PC software By 1990s people could telecommute – work from home via computers Rise of videogame industry Pong Music Video

The Technological Revolution Internet System by which computers could communicate with each other ARPANET – origin of Internet; system linked government agencies and universities for the Department of Defense Internet grew with introduction of hypertext (http) and web browsers New Internet-based businesses were founded called “dot-coms”

The Technological Revolution Breakthroughs in Biotechnology The managing of biological systems to improve human life Made possible by computers 1953 James Watson and Francis Clark deciphered structure of DNA Human Genome Project – mapping of the human DNA

An Interdependent World US experiencing trade deficits – Americans purchased more from other countries while other countries bought less from US Increasing trade was major US concern North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – free trade agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico European Union (EU) – free trade bloc between European member nations competed w/US Euro – common currency established by the EU nations

An Interdependent World World Trade Organization (WTO) – administered international trade agreements and settled international trade disputes Nuclear Proliferation The spread of nuclear weapons to new nations US against other nations obtaining nuclear weapons Global Warming An increase in global temperatures over time Some believe caused by CO2 / human activity Kyoto Protocol – several nations signed promising to reduce emissions (US did not sign)

America Enters a New Century Election of 2000 Democratic – VP Al Gore Republican – George W. Bush Green Party – Ralph Nader Close vote required recount – electoral votes of Florida needed for both candidates to win Looking at “chads” Recount not finished by deadline Florida declared Bush winner Vote counter looking at “chads”

America Enters a New Century Bush v. Gore Gore protested – wanted recount of Democratic heavy counties Florida Supreme Court began hand recount US Supreme Court ruled hand counts violated equal protection clause Ruling left Bush the winner

The War on Terrorism 9-11 – terrorist attack on World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon, and possibly Washington DC (plane crashed in Pennsylvania field) State-sponsored terrorism – when a government secretly supports terrorists Osama bin Laden & Al-Qaeda Believed superpowers could be beaten Wanted to re-establish the Caliphate Angry that US had troops in Saudi Arabia Believed Western ideas contaminated Islam

The War on Terrorism Terror Attacks 1993 First bombing of the World Trade Center 1995 Bombed US military barracks in Saudi Arabia 1998 Bombed US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania 1999 Attempted to bomb Seattle 2000 Suicide boat attack on USS Cole in Yemen

The War on Terrorism Actions Taken After 9-11 Bush declared national emergency Investigators identified Osama Bin Laden / Al-Qaeda as attackers Began deploying military to Middle East Demanded Taliban in Afghanistan turn over Osama bin Laden Announced US would no longer tolerate states that assisted terror

The War on Terrorism Cut terror funding by freezing bank accounts of suspected terrorist groups / supporters Passed Patriot Act – law allowed secret searches, wire-taps, and other electronic eavesdropping Department of Homeland Security established Anthrax attacks on government officials by suspected domestic terrorists

US troops on patrol in Afghanistan The War on Terrorism US supported Afghan rebel group The Northern Alliance US sent troops to Afghanistan after the Taliban collapsed US invoked NATO defense clause – NATO nations participated to varying degrees in Afghanistan US troops fought Taliban and attempted to stabilize Afghan government US still there US troops on patrol in Afghanistan

US troops fighting in Iraq The War on Terrorism 2003 Iraq War Bush afraid Al-Qaeda would acquire / use Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, known to be developing WMD Bush asked for UN Resolution demanding Iraq give up weapons Iraq resisted – US and coalition of other countries invaded Iraq; overthrew Saddam Hussein President Obama claimed victory in Iraq and withdrew US troops US troops fighting in Iraq Why the US Invaded Iraq

End of Space Shuttle Program February 2003, space shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texas as it re-entered the Earth’s atmosphere All seven crew members died Ended space shuttle program

To The Present Election 0f 2004 George W. Bush – Republican Incumbent John Kerry – Democratic nominee George W. Bush won second term Financial Crisis of 2008 Banks created too much money by making too many loans due to low interest rates Used this money to push up house prices and speculate in financial markets Debts became unpayable Financial crisis created – after crisis banks refused to lend causing economy to shrink Financial Crisis of 2008

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The Last Slide Of the Last Chapter PowerPoint!

To The Present Election of 2008 Obama versus McCain First black president AHCA – Affordable Healthcare Act aka Obamacare Election of 2012 Obama versus Romney Issue of Mormonism

Drop the mike!