From: DNA-Based Bulk Hydrogel Materials and Biomedical Application Date of download: 10/16/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: DNA-Based Bulk Hydrogel Materials and Biomedical Application J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2016;6(4):040802-040802-6. doi:10.1115/1.4032832 Figure Legend: (a) EGDE catalyzed covalent crosslinking between DNA chains. (b) Ag+ ion mediated noncovalent DNA material fabrication and reversed by cysteamine. Adapted from Ref. [6]. (c) Material made from chemically crosslinked DNA and chemical polymer poly(phenylenevinylene). Adapted from Ref. [7]. (d) The process of silk fiber made from condensed DNA in an RTIL. Adapted from Ref. [8]. (e) Ligase enzyme crosslink designed branched DNA block to hydrogel. (Reprinted with permission from Macmillan Publishers, Ltd., Nature Materials, Ref. [9]. Copyright 2006).

From: DNA-Based Bulk Hydrogel Materials and Biomedical Application Date of download: 10/16/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: DNA-Based Bulk Hydrogel Materials and Biomedical Application J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2016;6(4):040802-040802-6. doi:10.1115/1.4032832 Figure Legend: (a) Schematic representation of DNA tile self-assembly. (b) Schematic representation of DNA origami self-assembly. (c) DNA nanotube with super length up to 10 μm fabricated from rationally designed DNA tiles self-assembly. Adapted from Ref. [18]. (d) DNA crystal with micrometer in the lateral dimensions. Adapted from Ref. [19]. (e) DNA “jigsaw” piece made from DNA origami self-assembly build larger structure. (Reprinted with permission from Rajendran et al. [23]. Copyright 2011 by American Chemical Society). (f)Super-sized DNA origami fold from a genetically modified hybrid lambda/M13 phage genomic DNA of 51,466-nucleotide. Adapted from Ref. [27].

From: DNA-Based Bulk Hydrogel Materials and Biomedical Application Date of download: 10/16/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: DNA-Based Bulk Hydrogel Materials and Biomedical Application J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2016;6(4):040802-040802-6. doi:10.1115/1.4032832 Figure Legend: (a) Material made from colloidal nanoparticles glued together by designed DNA oligo. Adapted from Ref. [41]. (b) Single-stranded DNA polymer glued nanoscale graphene into hydrogel materials. Adapted from Ref. [42]. (c) Rationally designed massive single-stranded DNA function as molecular glue and mediated self-assembly of the mesoscale hydrogel module in a programmable fashion. (Reprinted with permission from Qi et al. [43]. Copyright 2013 by Nature Publishing Group).

From: DNA-Based Bulk Hydrogel Materials and Biomedical Application Date of download: 10/16/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: DNA-Based Bulk Hydrogel Materials and Biomedical Application J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med. 2016;6(4):040802-040802-6. doi:10.1115/1.4032832 Figure Legend: (a) Schematic for RCA and MCA mediated DNA hydrogel material fabrication process. Adapted from Ref. [44]. (b) Bulk material made from pure DNA polymer fabricated by a designed cell-free DNA amplification process. Adapted from Ref. [44].