Study for Molecular Biology & Biotech Test EOG Unit 3, ?’s 6-10 Warm Up on page 17 Write the equations for photosynthesis and respiration Rewrite the equations using words How do your cells use carbohydrates, fats and protein. Date Session Activity page 5/5, 8 7 Warm Up 17 Carbon Cycle 18 Nitrogen Cycle 19 Homework: Study for Molecular Biology & Biotech Test EOG Unit 3, ?’s 6-10

8.L.3 Understand how organisms interact with and respond to the biotic and abiotic components of their environment 8.3.3 Explain how the flow of energy within food webs is interconnected with the cycling of matter (including water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen)

Putting together what you already know Energy is changed as it moves through a food web/chain. Energy flows one way, no recycling Matter is recycled as it moves through a food web. The most common elements on earth are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. These elements, along with water, cycle between biotic and abiotic elements of the environment. This cycling is done through familiar processes!

Recreate the carbon cycle with clay Use arrows and label the Carbon Cycle Notes Carbon Cycle Diagram Recreate the carbon cycle with clay Use arrows and label the processes the arrows represent

Carbon Cycle Diagram Carbon Cycle Notes Photosynthesis (plants): Move C from air to living organisms Respiration (living things): C moved into atmosphere & oceans Diffusion: atmosphere C oceans Decomposition: Decomposers move C to soil, atmosphere & oceans Incomplete decay fossil fuel storage of C (coal/oil) Combustion: Burning fossil fuels or other organic material moves C into atmosphere OCEANS: CO2 used in sea shells, also ends up in sed. rock: limestone Carbon Cycle Diagram

CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O Photosynthesis moves C from the atmosphere & oceans into living organisms CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 Respiration moves C from the living organisms into the atmosphere & oceans C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O

Decomposers move C to soil, atmosphere & oceans Decomposition Decomposers move C to soil, atmosphere & oceans Incomplete Decomposition fossil fuel storage of C (coal/oil)

Carbon-containing molecule + O2  CO2 + H2O + Heat Combustion Carbon-containing molecule + O2  CO2 + H2O + Heat Burning fossil fuels or other organic material moves C into the atmosphere

Oceans contain earth’s LARGEST store of carbon Carbon is also in the Oceans!! Animals in the ocean also pull carbon from water (dissolved CO2) to use in their shells (CaCO3) When they die, their shells are deposited at the bottom of the ocean. The shells become the sedimentary rock: limestone. Oceans contain earth’s LARGEST store of carbon

Nitrogen Cycle diagram Nitrogen Cycle Notes

Nitrogen Cycle p11 Nitrogen Cycle Notes Nitrogen fixation : N2 in atmosphere is broken down and bonded with H or O (NH3/N2O) Bacteria Lightning Industrial Ammonification bacteria decompose plant and animal matter into (NH4) Nitrification Bacteria convert NH3  NO3 Denitrification = bacteria convert NO3  N2

Nitrogen cycle 4 processes Nitrogen fixation : N2 in atmosphere are broken down and bonded with H or O (NH3/N2O) Special Bacteria Lightning Industrial Ammonification (Decay) = decomposing plant and animal matter into (NH4) Nitrification = bacteria convert NH3 to NO3 Denitrification = bacteria convert NO3 into N2

Nitrogen Fixation Special bacteria live in the soil or on root nodules of legumes (peas, beans, clover). They convert N2 to NH3. Now these special plants are able to use the nitrogen. This is a symbiotic relationship!

Nitrification Different bacteria in soil can convert NH3 to NO3. Other plants can now use this form of Nitrogen.

Nitrogen Fixation Energy from lightning breaks nitrogen molecules apart, so they can combine with oxygen (N2O), then dissolve in rain to create (NO3), which is carried to the ground with the rain and deposited into the soil. Plants then absorb the nitrates and use them.

Industrial Production Nitrogen Fixation Industrial Production Chemical reactions are used to change the bonding of N2 to NH3 (fertilizer)

Ammonification Decomposition plant and animal matter into (NH4)

Denitrification A third type of bacteria converts nitrates (NO3) to atmospheric nitrogen (N2), which is returned to the air!

Human Impact carbon Fossil Fuel naturally release carbon very slowly BURNING fossil fuels releases stored carbon very quickly. Burning anything (trees, oil, etc) releases CO2 into the atmosphere. CO2 gas dissolves in rain drops, making them more acidic…acid rain affects plants & aquatic life Increasing CO2 in the atmosphere increases global warming. As more CO2 dissolves into oceans, they become more acidic (ocean acidification) Limestone and SHELLS dissolve in acidic solutions.

Human Impact….nitrogen Human activities have doubled the amount of fixed nitrogen entering the nitrogen cycle in the past 100 years Fertilizer runoff into surface water causes algae blooms…eutrophication (pond scum) Fertilizer increases the rate of nitrification in the soil, increasing NOx to the air, which dissolves in rain drops and causes acid rain

Stop motion paper nitrogen cycle video https://www. youtube. com/watch

Study videos http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/em05_pg20_nitrogen/em05_pg20_nitrogen.swf http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/index.htm