China’s “Mandate of Heaven”
European Imperialism in China Define IMPERIALISM: Describe how this political cartoon shows imperialism:
The Opium War (1839) Qing Dynasty in decline British force open trade w/ China OPIUM only product Britain had that China wanted used as currency widespread addiction gov’t attempts to stop blew up a British ship loaded w/ opium British quickly defeat China
Treaty of Nanjing (August 1842) Unequal treaties Emperor paid for destroyed opium Spheres of Influence US Open Door Policy HONG KONG until 1997
Hong Kong 1842: British received in the Treaty of Nanjing Returned Hong Kong back in 1997 according to the treaty “one country, two systems”
Unrest & Revolution Boxer Rebellion Taiping Rebellion 1851-1865 20-60 million killed 1851: 432 million pop. 1911: 375-400 million pop Ci Xi (Empress Dowager) power behind the throne Boxer Rebellion 1899-1901 “fist of righteous harmony” Anti-western / Anti-imperialism movement Led to the rise of COMMUNISM in China Map page
CHINA’S COMMUNIST-CAPITALIST SPLIT
The Nationalist Party Kuomingdang (KMT) Founder: Dr. Sun Yatsen Successor: Chang Kai-Shek Support from: Bourgeoise the rich land owners higher educated Goals: 3 Principles o/t Ppl Democracy Capitalism Nationalism Livelihood
DR. SUN YATSEN
CHANG KAI-SHEK
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 1949 People’s Republic of China 1st Leader: Mao Zedong 1949-1976 Support from: Proletariat peasants / poor Goals: Totalitarianism economic/social equality classless system religion is outlawed no private property Successor: Deng Xiaoping
KARL MARX Wrote: Predicted: “The Communist Manifesto” “The Proletariat would rise up against the ruling class” (bourgeoise) “Class Struggle”
MAO ZEDONG Born under FEUDALISM Mao’s New Order Totalitarianism CCP has total control Support from peasants thru propaganda Immediate influences: order is restored ended foreign influence become self-sufficient
Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) Propaganda poster Mao’s call for a superhuman effort to modernize in one great leap forward Collective Farms: gov’t forced ppl to pool all their resources together Communes: 20,000 people to a commune hope for huge increase in agricultural output HUGE FAILURE upwards of 40 million starved to death 1957: Hundred Flowers Campaign: "Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of though contend". Propaganda poster
Cultural Revolution (1966) To renew the communist revolutionary spirit due to failure o/t Great Leap Forward root out “capitalist roaders” Red Guards students & young factory workers attacked non-Mao supporters Effects: schools closed factories slowed production Red Guards were sent to faraway rural areas Ppl lost faith in Mao
Four Modernizations 1972: Nixon visits China 1976: Mao dies 1978: DENG XIAOPING Four Modernizations: Modernizing agriculture Expanding industry Developing science & tech Upgrading the military Special Economic Zones (SEZ) “Made in China”
Beijing