The Council of Constantinople Michela DiBella & Tahj Buford

Council of Constantinople The councils of Constantinople were four ecumenical Councils of the Christian church, held between the 4th and the 9th centuries. Constantinople I was called in 381 by Theodosius I, then Roman emperor of the East, primarily to confront Arianism, the heresy that had been subdued only temporarily by the First Council of Nicaea (325). More than 150 bishops, all from the Eastern empire, met to reaffirm the doctrines of the Nicene Creed and to depose Maximus, the Arian patriarch of Constantinople.

Continued… They also condemned Apollinarianism, a position that denied the full humanity of Christ. The council defined the position of the Holy Spirit within the Trinity; it described the Holy Spirit as proceeding from God the Father, coequal and consubstantial with him. It also confirmed the position of the patriarch of Constantinople as second in dignity only to the bishop of Rome.

Council of Constantinople Constantinople II was convoked by Justinian I in 553, to condemn the Nestorian writings called the "Three Chapters." Under the virtual guidance of the emperor, the council proscribed Nestorianism and reconfirmed the doctrine that Christ's two natures, one human and one divine, are perfectly united in one person. Pope Vigilius at first defended the Three Chapters, but later accepted the council's ruling. Constantinople III was summoned by Constantine IV in 680-81 with the consent of Pope Agatho. It condemned Monothelitism and affirmed that Christ has two wills, one human and one divine, but that these are without division or confusion. In addition, it condemned an earlier pope, Honorius I, for supporting that heresy.

Council of Constantinople Constantinople IV, meeting in 869-70, made no new dogmatic decisions; instead, it greatly contributed to the growing split between the Eastern and Western churches. The principal action was to depose Photius, the patriarch of Constantinople, for usurp his ecclesiastical position.

Councils 1st council resulted in the Church to split 2nd- Settled the question of the humanity of Christ. Constantinople's bishop became more powerful.

Continued.. 3rd-Having disposed of Nestorius, Cyril attempted to restore peace with the emperor. This letter included the Formulary of Reunion This document granted Cyril's arguments, but avoided any reference to the "one nature" and treads warily on the subject of the transfer of properties. Many of his followers regarded it as a sell-out to the Nestorians. 

council…. 4th-A formal Christology was formed. Decisions were accepted by Eastern and Western Churches. It anticipated the monophysite and monothelite heresies. 5th- Antiochian theology was condemned. Alexandrian monophysite doctrine could be reconciled with the definition of Chalcedon. The Chalcedonian dyophysitism afterwards reacted and led to the Sixth Ecumenical Council.

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