OVERVIEW: 2015 ANNUAL OUTLOOKS AND TRENDS REPORT (ATOR) ReSAKSS Conference: 18 October 2016 Namukolo Covic (PhD), IFPRI, Addis Ababa n.covic@cigar.org

Theme: Achieving a nutrition revolution for Africa, the road to healthier diets and optimal nutrition Background: triple burden of malnutrition in Africa Undernutrition: stunting, wasting, Widespread micronutrient deficiencies Increasing overweight/obesity and NCDs (diabetes, high blood pressure) Intro Ch1; Policy environment Ch 2; Status –Lawrence Ch 3; Ghana Ch4; Stuart Ch5; HKI Ch6; biofortification Ch7; Mycotoxins Ch8; EIDM Ch 9; Evaluation Ch10; Johann Ch 11; CAADP Idicators Ch 12

Nutrition in Africa at crossroads ?

Nutrition in Africa at crossroads Optimal diets, nutrition and health Reduced stunting + some micronutrient deficiencies Overweight obesity NCDs ? 58 million stunted; 163 million women anaemic; 13.9 million weigh too little for their height (wasted), 10.3 million are overweight. None of these children are growing Deteriorate

ATOR 2015 Highlights: General Comments Recognize the multisectoral nature of nutrition Focus on agriculture to play a greater role in this multisectoral context Progress is taking place but not fast enough Opportunities are there that can be leveraged Challenges persist and must be addressed ATOR makes recommendations on efforts needed to realize a nutrition revolution

1. We have opportunities to leverage Unprecedented attention to nutrition overall 37 of 54 African countries are involved in SUN movement 44 African countries at different stages of the CAADP process The progress made, though limited can be leveraged to accelerate momentum Reducing stunting, wasting, underweight Setting effectively functioning multisectoral nutrition systems Showcase Kenya as an example of what is possible with efforts along several fronts of a multisectoral process Other countries have similar stories Strengthening policy environment national, regional and continental level Within the mix of these opportunities agriculture can & should play a greater role

2. The policy environment for nutrition in Africa is strengthening CAADP: Maputo Declaration (2003); Malabo Declarations (2014); ARNS 2015-2025; Agenda 2063 Inclusion of some nutrition indicators in the CAADP Results Framework (2015) National Nutrition Policies and Strategies (SUN movement) Mainstreaming nutrition in National Agricultural Investment Plans (NAIPs); (Nigeria and Mozambique) Movement to district level SUN implementation Implementation challenges across the board are a challenge Agriculture must become more nutrition sensitive starting at the policy level Intro Ch1; Policy environment Ch 2; Status –Lawrence Ch 3; Ghana Ch4; Stuart Ch5; HKI Ch6; biofortification Ch7; Mycotoxins Ch8; EIDM Ch 9; Evaluation Ch10; Johann Ch 11; CAADP Idicators Ch 12

3. We have emerging opportunities & challenges on the nutrition sensitivity of agriculture Experiences from homestead food production by HKI: Increasing the nutrition sensitivity of agriculture is possible within a multisectoral context. Nutrition education, BCC, women empowerment, market links etc. Economic development is driving both positive and negative nutrition outcomes (example: Ghana) Increased consumption of more nutrient dense foods e.g. animal source foods but this is not equitable. Increasing unhealthy consumption patterns (more sugar and fat) Agric development must be accompanied by attention to safety aspects that can limit progress on nutrition, health and economic development Examples: mycotoxins (aflatoxin); zoonotic diseases Intro Ch1; Policy environment Ch 2; Status –Lawrence Ch 3; Ghana Ch4; Stuart Ch5; HKI Ch6; biofortification Ch7; Mycotoxins Ch8; EIDM Ch 9; Evaluation Ch10; Johann Ch 11; CAADP Idicators Ch 12

4. We need better data for evidence informed decision- making Strengthen evidence informed decision making Ability to generate contextual evidence taking into account sub- national disparities is limited Systems aligned to national policy cycles and leveraging national institutions are needed. Evaluation of nutrition sensitive agriculture programmes/ projects presents significant challenges Methods and design: important that these become part of the planning and implementation processes of programmes Inclusion of nutrition indicators in the CAADP results framework an opportunity for nutrition Intro Ch1; Policy environment Ch 2; Status –Lawrence Ch 3; Ghana Ch4; Stuart Ch5; HKI Ch6; biofortification Ch7; Mycotoxins Ch8; EIDM Ch 9; Evaluation Ch10; Johann Ch 11; CAADP Idicators Ch 12

5a. There are several key ways we further look forward to better nutrition Increase the nutrition sensitivity of food systems Nutrition objectives; deliberate nutrition components Attention to the different pathways through which agriculture impacts nutrition (e.g. diet quality, income, empowerment etc.) Adopting a systems approach to agricultural development is important (production, value chains, product diversity, consumption patterns, nutrition outcomes) Supporting multisectoral action: capacity and leadership Need for multisectoral nutrition coordination systems Need for technical and managerial capacity and an adequately resourced nutrition workforce Leadership skills as a critical cross cutting aspect of navigating the dynamic nutrition landscape Intro Ch1; Policy environment Ch 2; Status –Lawrence Ch 3; Ghana Ch4; Stuart Ch5; HKI Ch6; biofortification Ch7; Mycotoxins Ch8; EIDM Ch 9; Evaluation Ch10; Johann Ch 11; CAADP Idicators Ch 12

5b. There are several key ways we further look forward to better nutrition Leveraging policy, regulation, science and small holder farmers for nutrition Biofortification (HarvestPlus) breading crops to increase nutrient density: orange sweet potato, vitamin A maize; vitamin A cassava, iron beans; zinc rice Ethiopian case study on agronomic biofortification using zinc containing fertilizers. Through a foods systems approach to promote food product development that takes into account the need to balance nutrition intakes to avoid the increases in overweight and obesity and related NCDs while addressing undernutrition A conducive policy and regulatory environment for better nutrition Intro Ch1; Policy environment Ch 2; Status –Lawrence Ch 3; Ghana Ch4; Stuart Ch5; HKI Ch6; biofortification Ch7; Mycotoxins Ch8; EIDM Ch 9; Evaluation Ch10; Johann Ch 11; CAADP Idicators Ch 12

6. CAADP indicators reflect an indication of progress but also persistent challenges The ATOR is an annual ReSAKSS activity that tracks progress on CAADP indicators in response to mutual accountability commitments of the African Union Progress on agriculture indicators Better progress the further down the CAADP implementation process Agricultural production and productivity increasing Struggling to meet the 10% budget expenditure on agriculture and the 6% growth called for in the sector. Progress on nutrition indicators Undernourishment, stunting, underweight in downward trend Progress too slow to meet set Malabo targets No dietary indicators tracked, data is limited Intro Ch1; Policy environment Ch 2; Status –Lawrence Ch 3; Ghana Ch4; Stuart Ch5; HKI Ch6; biofortification Ch7; Mycotoxins Ch8; EIDM Ch 9; Evaluation Ch10; Johann Ch 11; CAADP Idicators Ch 12

7. The ATOR calls for a food systems approach to CAADP CAADP is operating from many fronts of the agriculture sector Promoting agriculture productivity and resilience for food security, Promoting optimal land and water management Promoting market development and intra-Africa trade Promoting an agriculture led economic development agenda that addresses employment, poverty, hunger and malnutrition But climate variability and environmental degradation along with globalization pressures added to this mix call for a deliberate food systems approach to ensure balanced progress Intro Ch1; Policy environment Ch 2; Status –Lawrence Ch 3; Ghana Ch4; Stuart Ch5; HKI Ch6; biofortification Ch7; Mycotoxins Ch8; EIDM Ch 9; Evaluation Ch10; Johann Ch 11; CAADP Idicators Ch 12

A Food Systems Approach for CAADP

Concluding remarks The policy environment is promising: but more is needed and attention needs to be paid to an evidence informed policy to programme cycle including M&E. There are indications that CAADP may be contributing to nutrition progress that should be further looked into and leveraged. There are a number of capacity challenges needing attention in order to attain the desired nutrition revolution. Safety aspects need attention so that these do not hold back progress on nutrition, health and economic development A food systems approach is called for to take the CAADP process to the next level Details will be highlighted further in the various presentations of the conference. Intro Ch1; Policy environment Ch 2; Status –Lawrence Ch 3; Ghana Ch4; Stuart Ch5; HKI Ch6; biofortification Ch7; Mycotoxins Ch8; EIDM Ch 9; Evaluation Ch10; Johann Ch 11; CAADP Idicators Ch 12

OVERVIEW: 2015 ANNUAL OUTLOOKS AND TRENDS REPORT (ATOR) Thank YOU! OVERVIEW: 2015 ANNUAL OUTLOOKS AND TRENDS REPORT (ATOR) Namukolo Covic, Sheryl Hendriks, editors n.covic@cigar.org; Sheryl.Hendriks@up.ac.za All Authors Tsitsi, Makombe Ousmane Baidane Pamela Dogbe CKM, IFPRI