COS Standard 1 Compare effects of economic, geographic, social and political conditions before and after European Exploration of the 15th through 17th centuries on Europeans, American colonists, Africans and indigenous Americans.
Describing the influence of the Crusades, Renaissance and Reformation on European Exploration. Chapter 1-4, 1-5, 2-2
Crusades Pope Urban II 1095 (lasted two centuries) Regain the holy land Brought western Europe in contact with Muslim and Byzantine civilizations. Trade increases Feudalism decreases Begin to look for a new water route to China
Renaissance 1350-1600 Rebirth Intellectual revolution that produced great works of art and started a scientific revolution. New inventions were developed to help explorers with long distance travel. Astrolabe Lateen sails Caravel
Famous People of The Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci-Polymath Mona Lisa, The Last Supper William Shakespeare-Writer Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet Nicolaus Copernicus-Polymath On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres Michelangelo-Polymath David, The Creation of Adam Galileo Galilei-Scientist Raphael-Artist The School of Athens, Sistine Madonna Michel de Montaigne-Humanist Essays Filippo Brunelleschi-Architect Dome of The Cathedral of Florence Petrarch-Humanist On the Solitary Life Lorenzo de’ Medici Famous Patron
Famous Works Michelangelo- The Creation of Adam Leonardo da Vinci- Mona Lisa/ The Last Supper Raphael-The School of Athens, Sistine Madonna Filippo Brunelleschi-Dome of The Cathedral of Florence
Reformation Martin Luther publishes attack on Catholic Church 95 Theses: indulgences John Calvin- Calvinism= develops Luther’s doctrine of justification by faith alone and emphasizes the grace of God and the doctrine of predestination Ulrich Zwingli- base teachings on the Bible, taking scripture as the inspired word of God and placing its authority higher than what he say as human sources Henry VIII of England- Anglican Church
Portuguese Explorers Henry the Navigator: set up a center for astronomical and geographical studies Vasco de Gama: water route to Asia via Africa and across the Indian Ocean to India.
Vikings-Norse 1st Europeans to arrive in America Permanent attempts to settle failed because Native Americans opposed them. Leif Erickson-first Europeaner to discover North America
Spanish Explorers Christopher Columbus Used Ptolemy’s map as a basic guide to sail Took three trips to America, landed in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispanola
Spanish Explorers continued Amerigo Vespucci: America named after, repeated Columbus’s voyages, America is not Asia Juan Ponce de Leon: discovered Florida Vasco de Balboa: 1st European to reach Pacific coast of America. Ferdinand Magellan: 1st to circumnavigate the globe
Columbian Exchange Changed the world’s ecosystems Europeans learned local farming methods, new crops: corn, tobacco, potatoes; new inventions: canoe. Native Americans learned how to plant wheat, oats, barley and how to raise livestock, and use metalworking. Diseases spread.
Columbian Exchange