Think… What were the problems with the Articles of Confederation that needed to be solved?

Constitution

What was the Constitutional Convention. Why was it held What was the Constitutional Convention? Why was it held? Where was it held? Meeting of delegates from the 13 states, 1787-1789 To fix the Articles  then create a new plan … Called?

Purpose of the Constitution: The Preamble https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHp7sMqPL0g

Principles of the Constitution Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Popular Sovereignty Representative Government Limited Government Federalism

Separation of Powers “When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same boy of magistrates, there can be no liberty.” - ???

1. Mon 2. Te 3. Squieu 1. Legislative 2. Executive 3. Judicial

Three Branches Why should there be three branches? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCB8EOY5d48 Legislative Branch House of Representatives Senate Together known as Congress Make the laws Executive Branch President Vice Prez Cabinet of advisors Military FBI Executes / carries out the laws Judicial Branch Supreme Court Interprets the laws (are laws consistent with the constitution?) Why should there be three branches?

Article One: The Legislature A Bicameral Congress The House of Representatives and the Senate

Powers of the Legislative Branch Makes laws Collect taxes Appropriates money Regulates immigration Est. post offices & roads Regulates interstate commerce (trade) Declares war

Article II: The Executive Branch The President and the Federal Agencies

Powers of the Executive Branch Enforces / carries out laws Approves laws from Congress Commander in Chief of armed forces Appoints federal judges, ambassadors, and “high officials” Negotiates foreign treaties

Article III: Judicial Branch The Roberts Court, Back row (left to right): Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen G. Breyer, Samuel A. Alito, and Elena Kagan. Front row (left to right): Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Anthony Kennedy, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg

Powers of the Judicial Branch Interpret the laws Preserve and protect the rights guaranteed by the Const. Reviews court cases to do the above Declares laws of Congress and acts of the POTUS unconstitutional (judicial review)

Popular Sovereignty Popular = the majority like it Sovereignty = power Sooo… people have the power to vote and the majority rules

Limited Government Preventing tyranny / corruption in the government. (they can’t do everything) How do we stop a part of the government from doing something bad?

Checks and Balances System in which each branch of government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other two.

Federalism Powers are separated between a national and state government; however some powers are shared CONCURRENT RESERVED

Time out How many branches of government exist under the Constitution? What are they? What person / group is associated with each branch? What keeps one branch of government from becoming stronger than another? Which philosopher came up with this idea?

Issue: How many people will be members in the legislative branch? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCCmuftyj8A Issue: How many people will be members in the legislative branch?

Representation Gov’t Virginia Plan: Bicameral legislature Representation based on population 3 branches NO right to tax Which states would like this plan? Why? New Jersey Plan: Unicameral legislature Representation is equal 2 branches YES can tax Which states would like this plan? Why?

Great Compromise Great Compromise of the Legislative Branch: Congress = bicameral 3 branches House of Representatives based on population Senate based on equality Wait! Do slaves count as population for the southern states?

3/5th Compromise South wants more population = more power!! North wants more power = if slaves count then make them citizens!! Compromise = each slave counted as 3/5 of a person when counting population for the House of Representatives

Time out What was the Virginia Plan? What group of states favored it? Why? What was the New Jersey Plan? What group of states favored it? Why? What was the Great Compromise? What are the parts of it? How is representation in the House of Representatives determined? How is representation in the Senate determined? What was the 3/5 Compromise? What does the Constitution say about slavery?

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Supported the Constitution Supported strong National Government Wrote the Federalist Papers to show why the Const. needed to be approved (ratified) Feared the power of the people Opposed the Constitution Supported states rights Saw the constitution as a betrayal of the Revolution Feared the power of the government Feared for individual liberties “Had American patriots fought and died to create yet another government to tax them and tell them what to do?”

Feared a strong central govt Thought the Const. was enough to protect citizens’ rights Agreed to the BoR as a compromise Worried a list of rights might be seen as the ONLY rights people had Thought the Const. needed a list of protected rights Opposed the Const. as-is. Believed citizens had rights that should be protected Wanted the Const. to be approved as-is Believed in American independence & freedom Fed: B D H Both: C G I Anti: A E F

Because they promised to add a Who won? The Federalists!! Because they promised to add a ___________ to the Constitution, that way their _________________ would be protected from a centralized government. Bill of Rights individual liberties

Article VIII: Amendments (Bill of Rights + other amendments (27 total) Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly & Petition Right to Bear Arms Prohibits Quartering of Soldiers Protection against unreasonable Search and Seizure Protects against the taking of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; protection against self-incrimination Right to a defense lawyer, a Speedy Trial, right to hear charges, call witnesses, and be present when witnesses speak in court Right to Trial by Jury Protection against excessive bail & Cruel & Unusual Punishment The rights expressed in the Const. are not a person’s only rights Powers not given to the US are reserved for the states or people. *** ONLY added to the Constitution as a deal to get the Antifederalists to ratify the document *** Total of 27

Time out What kind of people were Anti-federalists? They believed who should have the power in government? What were their arguments against ratification of the Constitution? What kind of people were Federalists? Who did they believe should have the power in government? What were their arguments for ratifying the Constitution without the Bill of Rights? What was added to the Constitution to gain Anti-federalist support? Why? Who does the Bill of Rights protect? How?

George Washington 1st President Take notes on 1st Presidential Election!!!!! http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-oddities-of-the-first-american-election-kenneth-c-davis