Introduction to Electrical Drive SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institution) Introduction to Electrical Drive Presented by M.Anand ,AP/MCT SNS College of Technology M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

What is this…? M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

How it works…? M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

How it works…? M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

How it works…? M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

How it works…? M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

How it works…? M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

What is Motor……? M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1 Electrical Energy (Rotational Force) Mechanical Energy Motor M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

+ Define: Electrical Drive M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1 System employed for motion control of Electrical Motor is called Electrical Drives Control Unit + Motor M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Block diagram for Electrical Drives M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Types of Motor M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1 AC Motor DC Motor Special Type Motor Induction Motor Series Motor Stepper Motor BLDC Motor Synchronous Motor Shunt Motor Universal Motor Compound Motor Reluctance Motor M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Power Processor: Converter Inverter Chopper Cyclo converter Conversion Process takes place Converter Inverter Chopper Cyclo converter M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Converters AC Voltage DC Voltage M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1 Converter is used to convert the AC Voltage into DC Voltage Converter AC Voltage DC Voltage V V T T M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Inverters DC Voltage AC Voltage M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1 Inverter is used to convert the DC Voltage into AC Voltage Inverter DC Voltage AC Voltage V V T T M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Chopper Fixed DC Voltage Variable DC Voltage M.Anand, AP/MCT Chopper is used to convert the fixed DC Voltage into Variable DC Voltage Fixed DC Voltage Variable DC Voltage Chopper V V T T M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Cyclo Converters Fixed Variable AC Voltage AC Voltage M.Anand, AP/MCT Cyclo Converter is used to convert the Fixed AC Voltage into Variable AC Voltage Fixed AC Voltage Converter Variable AC Voltage M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Electrical Source AC DC Current Voltage M.Anand, AP/MCT Voltage Rating::110V, 230V, 415V, 25KV Current Rating:: 0.5A, 1A, 2A, 3A, 5A, 10A, 15A, 20A, 30A Frequency-50Hz Voltage Rating::5V, 6V, 12V, 24V, 48V, 220V Current Rating:: 0.2A, 0.3A, 0.5A, 1.5A, 1A, 2A, 2.5A, 2A, 3A There is no Frequency AC DC M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Sensing Unit Physical Quantity Electrical Quantity M.Anand, AP/MCT Sensor is used to sense the physical quantity and convert it to electrical quantity Physical Quantity Sensor Electrical Quantity M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Control Unit M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1 It controlling the system motion without any damages according to the sensing unit along with input command. Control unit consist of digital integrated circuit, Transistor and Microprocessor M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Load M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1 Normally loads are designed for accomplishing the given task. For example Fan, Pumps, Robots, Washing Machine M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Factors Influencing the Choice of Electrical Drive Steady state Operation Transient Operation Related with Source Need of Cost Life period of the Drive Location & Environment Flexibility Reliability Space & Weight M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

1.Steady State Operation Nature of speed torque Range of speed Duty cycle Speed fluctuation Speed regulation M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

2.Transient Operation M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1 Transient is nothing but switched from one condition to another condition by change in applied voltage or change in any one of the circuit element Acceleration Starting Braking Reversing M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

3.Related with source 4.Need of cost M.Anand, AP/MCT Voltage Fluctuation Power Factor Harmonics 4.Need of cost M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

4.Need of cost M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1 The economy is the main factor for all process while selecting the electrical drive for specific applications Initial Cost Running Cost Maintenance Cost M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

5.Life Period of the Drive 6.Location & Environment For example drives may be adopted like coal mains rolling mills and etc.. 7.Flexibility 8.Reliability 9.Space & Weight M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES 1.Based on Load and environment condition 2.Based on Mode of operation 3.Based on controlling Action 4.Based on number of Machines M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

1.Based on Load Continuous Short time Intermittent Constant or variable Positive or Negative M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Vibration and Shock proof 1.Based on Environment Temperature proof Humidity Dust and Dirty proof Vibration and Shock proof M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

2.Based on Mode of operation: Continuous duty cycle Intermittent duty cycle Short time duty cycle M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

3.Based on Controlling Action Manually controlled Semi automated controlled Fully automatic controlled M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

4.Based on Number of machine Individual drive Group drive Multi motor drive M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Only one load is carried with single electrical drive INDIVIDUAL DRIVE SYSTEM Motor Load Only one load is carried with single electrical drive M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Does not depend on other drives Better efficiency Advantages: Does not depend on other drives Better efficiency Neat appearance, Cleanliness and safety Disadvantages: More Cost M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

More than one load is carried with single electrical drive GROUP DRIVE SYSTEM Load-1 Load-3 Motor Load-2 More than one load is carried with single electrical drive M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Single drive enough to drive multiple load Advantages: Single drive enough to drive multiple load So installation cost and cost of one single large motor will be much less than a number of smaller motors totalling the capacity. Disadvantages: Less Efficiency Less power factor During fault condition, problem rectification is difficult M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

More than one motor is carried with single load MULTI MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM Motor Motor Load Motor Motor More than one motor is carried with single load M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Advantages of Electrical Drive: Simple in construction More in economical More convenient More Flexible Easily controllable Less Noisy M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Motor Duty Classification: Continuous Duty Short Time Duty Intermittent Periodic Duty Intermittent Periodic Duty with starting Intermittent Periodic Duty with staring and braking Continuous Duty with Periodic loading. Continuous Duty with Starting and Braking. Continuous Duty with periodic speed changes M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Eg- Paper drive, Compressor, Conveyer Continuous Duty: This represents the motor operation at a constant load-enough for the motor temperature to reach steady state value. Eg- Paper drive, Compressor, Conveyer Load Torque Temp Rise T (Time) T (Time) M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Eg- Crane drive, House hold Application valve, etc. Short Time Duty: In this type of operation the motor is operated for a short period, which is less than the heating time constant of the motor. Eg- Crane drive, House hold Application valve, etc. Load Torque Temp Rise T (Time) T (Time) M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Intermittent periodic Duty: In this type of operation has number of duty cycle which contains period of running at a constant load and rest period . Load Torque Temp Rise T (Time) T (Time) M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Intermittent periodic Duty with starting: In has starting running and constant load resting periods. The rest period is short compared to the time required to cool of to ambient temp. Eg:- Metal cutting and drilling tool drives Starting Load Torque Normal operation Temp Rise T (Time) T (Time) M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1

Intermittent periodic Duty with starting & Braking: In this operation contains of a period of starting, a period of operation, a constant load and a rest period: with operating at rest period being too short for the respective steady state temp to be attained . Eg:- Billet Mill drives, /manipulator drive, electric Suburban drive Load Torque Temp Rise T (Time) T (Time) M.Anand, AP/MCT EE211/ EMD/ Unit-1