States of Matter Chapter 13 https://States of Matter Video

Kinetic Theory Tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion. Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of an object’s molecules. High kinetic energy ~ Higher temperature Low kinetic energy ~ Lower temperature Molecules in Motion Applet http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties

Temperature on the Kelvin Scale Based on “Absolute Zero” No negative values – all substances have energy (positive temperature)

Gas Particles farther apart than other forms of matter Particles take up the volume of the container Particles moving randomly in straight lines with “perfect elastic collisions”

Gas Pressure The result of collisions of gas particles with the container walls #collisions ~ gas pressure

Atmospheric Pressure Air molecules colliding with objects https://Styrofoam cup

STP Measuring Pressure Standard Temperature = 0° Celsius Standard Pressure Equivalents: (measured at sea level, 0° Celsius) 1 atmosphere 101.3 kilopascals 760 mm Hg 760 torr STP

The chart below illustrates how to interpret your barometer's inches of mercury reading. This provides a reasonably accurate forecast for the next 12 to 24 hours. The Barometer Invented by Evangelist Torricelli (1643) What’s that weather man saying? Does the barometric pressure effect when the fish bite?

The monometer

Liquids Molecules are close together, touching Liquids are not compressible Intermolecular forces hold the molecules together loosely so that they can slip and slide around each other. Need proof? Water Pours.

Evaporation Molecules gain enough kinetic energy to “break away” or escape from intermolecular forces at the surface. Why do we sweat?

Boiling Tiny bubbles of vapor form inside the liquid due to increased kinetic energy. The vapor pressure must be equal or greater than the air pressure to escape. Water Boiling in a low g environment Video Altitude changes and Boiling Temperatures Cooking Under Pressure Pressure cooking

Is boiling different than evaporation? YES!!!!

Boiling Water with Ice Demo How is it possible that the water boils when the flask is cooled?

Dynamic Equilibrium

Solids Particles are close together in fixed positions – only vibrate. Solids are also not compressible. Solids have stronger intermolecular forces than liquids and gasses.

Solids Many solids form crystals. -repeating pattern or arrangement of the particles (crystal lattice) Other solids are amorphous & lack internal structure https://www.google.com/search?q=crystals&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=Bvw0VbG7NcWUNu2GgMgD&ved=0CDIQsAQ&biw=859&bih=539

Allotropes Two or more different molecular forms of the same element.

Melting Point Temperature at which the solids turn to a liquid The particles have enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular force that holds them in place. Ionic substances – high melting pts Molecular substances – low melting pts

Sublimation A solid changing to a vapor without passing through the liquid phase. The solids vapor pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure Air fresheners Urinal Cakes Ice when very cold Freeze Dried Products Dry Ice (Carbon dioxide)

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter

Phase change diagram vaporization melting

Phase Diagrams Example : Water Triple Point

Plasma State at which the kinetic energy is so high that the atom’s electrons are freed from the nucleus Ionized state of an atom Low temp plasma – 50,000 – 100,00 K High temp plasma – 10,000,000+ K Is this in my blood? You ask about TVs?